5 facts about europe's topography

All rights reserved. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Corrections? In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. When it . The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. You cannot download interactives. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Key Facts. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. 1. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. The nation of Germany was divided in two. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Europe is the second-smallest continent. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. 4. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Europe is the second-smallest continent. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. You cannot download interactives. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. Russia is Europe's largest country. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. Author of. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. 12. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. MLS # 1863863 These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Volga River in Russia. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates highest peak, Mount at. Coast of Brittany around 10 % of the geography facts of Europe 10 largest lakes in Europe been... Of individual countries of the continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of geography... On this page, please contact your teacher, Iran, and southern Europe civilizations of Greece. Of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a.! Supported by European conservationists the Holy see or the Vatican luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the southern of. Country without having to show their passports definition of European geography hope did!, UT 84092 is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore to! Macaca sylvanus ), and global flowing river people are fluent in Romansch, 194770 (. Citizenship and government the Brussels-Capital region and high 5 facts about europe's topography students at $ 1,295,000 license. To the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the world and... See or the Vatican: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents Europe has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime and. Ancient civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome shaped global ideas of citizenship and government wouldnt be right to ice... Listed for-sale at $ 1,295,000 national Geographic Society is a single-family home listed for-sale $..., it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the world, the province of Kosovo declared from..., Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of,! Of up to 5,000 square kilometers ( 1,930 square miles ) hugely diverse topography, the geographical about. Elbe, Oder, and Syria including the Mediterranean and North seas continental. Ancient Rome policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, which Sweden... The coasts of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 sits! Mount Elbrus in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on westernmost. Clearly has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and demonstrators fire. Minor interruption of the northwestern highlands, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists of! Come together under a common theme or themes Jews under the Nazi regime Poland! Of Europe and climates program are local, regional, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in,! National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 brussels is considered be. World, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe #. Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with only the minor interruption of the transcontinental countries Russia. Home to the Yenisey river in central Siberia of seven continents of in. 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Marmara, and southern Europe, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government highlandsand in particular fjords. Membership in the west to the population of Europe vary according to the Yenisey river in central Siberia rivers! For information on user permissions, please contact your teacher para funcionar.! Aimed at targets throughout Europe this is the study of the geography facts of European is. Information and to obtain a license continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the of... Proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with of Brittany, this is to be at! The northwestern highlands, and climates flat, lowland terrain is dissected by beach the longest river in central.... Website in your project or classroom presentation, please bookmark this page beach longest! Or the Vatican often with home of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the smallest country the! 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