tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth

The term "tsunami" is taken from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The tsunami wave length can stretch nearly 100 miles and this large wavelength allows the tsunami . Creative Commons license unless otherwise noted below. <> The deeper the water, the faster the tsunami. If the tsunami is caused by a local landslide, both its initial wavelength and period will be shorter. Question: Reading Passage: Tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth. But subsequent surges are irregular and it is not possible to predict which surge is likely to be the biggest or how much time will pass between surges. Push and Pull LEGO Mindstorms Robots. These are sent down to the ocean surface from the satellite and the height of the ocean surface can be determined by knowing the speed of the pulse, the location of the satellite and measuring the time that the pulse takes to return to the satellite. Early registration deadline: May 3, 2023 Tsunamis may reach a maximum vertical height onshore above sea level, often called a run-up height, of tens of metres. (2020, November 20). In the deep ocean, a tsunami is about as fast as a jet airplane, traveling around 500 miles per hour. Students evaluate the geographic distribution of water depths. distinguishable from the surrounding wind waves without sensitive A Tsunami is actually a series of waves. . Please insert your answers into the table below. Pacific Ocean, but tsunamis can occur anywhere in the world where there For various reasons, most students taking the class are juniors/seniors. Take it to the MAX! Detailed mathematical equations of water waves look something like this: Image Source: http://www.oceanographers.net. ; In the 1990s, eighty-two tsunamis were reported worldwide, taking more Scientists have completed more than 200 models for U.S. coastal communities including, most recently, for two Alaska coastal communities Adak and Atka, as well as several islands in the South Pacific such as Easter Island, Rarotonga, Niue, the Galapagos, the Society Islands and the Marquesas in French Polynesia. The speed of a tsunami depends only on how deep the water is and is independent of how large or the type of source that caused it. The system has considerably improved the forecasting and warning of tsunamis in the Pacific. Aa much smaller percentage of tsunamis is caused by landslides that either originate in the ocean or fall from the land into the water. These are SPEED, HEIGHT, and ENERGY POWER. Introductory Oceanography course. WARNING Some of this footage is quite disturbing, as it shows people running and not escaping the wave. because tsunamis are not caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon Tsunami speed can be computed by taking the square root of the product of the acceleration of gravity, which is 32.2 feet (9.8 meters) per second squared, and water depth. We consider tsunami motions in an unbounded ocean layer of constant depth h underlain by . At sea, the height of a tsunami wave is not usually Donate any amount from $2 upwards through PayPal by clicking the PayPal image below. The word alone evokes fear and panic. "The Science Behind Tsunamis: Study the Effect of Water Depth on Wave Velocity.". Whether the first arrival is negative (drawdown) or positive (wave increase) depends on the source characteristics and where your are relative to the source. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJoyXzQXXjs&w=540&h=334]. The wave crests of a tsunami can range from a few to a hundred kilometers or more apart as they travel across the ocean. The speed and height of the tsunami wave depends on the depth of the ocean floor. where Z is a function of the period , water depth h and . Refraction and diffraction of the waves meant that the impact of the tsunami was noticed around the world and sea-level monitoring stations in places such as Brazil and Queensland also felt the effect of the tsunami. Line up the bottom of the wood block at the marked line. In 1995 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began developing the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) system. formula is used to measure the speed of ocean waves, like tsunamis, that have very long wavelengths relative to the depth of the water. The following video shows how fast the Tsuanami wave group moves across the land with little decrease in its energy as it grinds its way inland in Japan. When the earthquake occurred outside of Sumatra, the Indo-Australian tectonic plate moved 20 meters (m) below the Eurasian tectonic plate. (Tides result from the gravitational influences of the moon, sun, and planets.) This Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2021, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. meteor impacts can also disturb enough water to generate a tsunami. . Although they are almost imperceptible at sea, tsunami In the open Ocean the speed of a Tsunami is approximately: The 9.8 value is the earths gravitational force, and in the open ocean, the water depth averages about 4000 m. Mathematically, this means that in the open ocean a Tsunami can easily travel at the speed of a jet aircraft moving at several hundred kilometers per hour. See the Materials and Equipment list for details. Under the force of gravity, the water wants to return to a stable position. Mathematically there are three different but related factors involved in realtion to a Tsunami. learn more about digital elevation models, Earth had its 7th-warmest January on record. Although 239 people died from the Okushiri tsunami, many flood low-lying areas, destroying crops with salt water and leaving The vast majority of tsunamis originate during undersea The tsunami's energy flux, which is dependent on both its wave speed and wave height, remains nearly constant. https://www.facebook.com/PassysWorldOfMathematics. This caused the Eurasian plate to thrust up several meters. In the open ocean the waves are not high at all, and can pass under ships with no noticeable effect. These stations give detailed information about tsunamis while they are still far off shore. Go to the subscribe area on the right hand sidebar, fill in your email address and then click the Subscribe button. of square kilometers of the sea floor. If you suddenly notice that the water has gone out much further than normal, treat this as a warning that the water could suddenly rush back in and evacuate. The term "seismic sea wave" is also misleading. In the very deepest parts of the oceans, the speed can be over 700 miles per hour. They then determine the distance of the path of the tsunami from the epicenter of the 1964 Alaska Good Friday earthquake tsunami to various locations, use tsunami arrival times to calculate the velocity, and re-arrange the shallow-water celerity equation to calculate depth. How does tsunami energy travel across the ocean and how far can tsunamis waves reach. As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the open ocean and travels into the shallower water near the coast, it transforms. These localities would allow you to add conveniently other locations to the activity. tsunami-prone areas. far away from the source. Image Source: http://www.washingtonpost.com. This large vertical displacement of the sea-floor generated the devastating tsunami, which caused damage over such a large area around the Indian Ocean. endobj Notice the check mark next to the term g. This check mark is the mathematical sign for. And how did these Tsunami waves become so long? So a tsunami with a height of 1 m in the open ocean where the water depth is 4000m would have a waveheight of 4 to 5 m in water of depth 10 m. Just like other water waves, tsunamis begin to lose energy as they rush onshore - part of the wave energy is reflected offshore, while the shoreward-propagating wave energy is dissipated through bottom friction and turbulence. Field surveys of recent In this lesson we look at the Mathematics associated with Tsunami Waves. 1). Do you and your volunteer see it travel from one end of the tank to the other? JetStream, Comments? It was a rare megathrust earthquake and occurred on the interface of the India and Burma tectonic plates. In 1960, great tsunami waves generated in Chile reached Japan, more than 16,800 km away in less than 24 hours, killing hundreds of people. Tsunami speed, defined as the phase velocity at a wavelength of 8000 km in the dispersion curve, has been computed at each surface grid having a depth profile deeper than 2500 m (Figure 4c). Read the instruction sheet that comes with the stopwatch so that you understand how it works. Large shallow earthquakes beneath the ocean can cause the sea floor to quickly up lift or subside creating the initial wave. 3 0 obj At the shore, most tsunamis slow to the speed of a car, approximately 20 to 30 mph (30 to 50 km/h). To find out exactly how free subscription works, click the following link: If you would like to submit an idea for an article, or be a guest writer on our blog, then please email us at the hotmail address shown in the right hand side bar of this page. High-resolution DEMs are a crucial part of the U.S. Tsunami Forecast and Warning System. meteorite impacts). endobj Questions? 6 demonstrates how the tsunami wave amplitude is affected by the sea depth in mid ocean and close to the . . Okushiri. Mathematics of Ships at Sea Image Source: http://www2.registerguard.com. Mariners at sea will not normally notice a tsunami as it passes beneath their hulls. The earthquake took place at about 1am UTC (8am local time) in the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. A digital elevation model (DEM) image for the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in the South Pacific. Our recommendation never return to coastal areas after a tsunami until authorities give you the all clear. Material on this page is offered under a How does the plot compare to the results that you got from your water tank? A tsunami is generated when a large amount of water is displaced very quickly. Tsunamis are most often caused by submarine earthquakes, less often by submarine landslides, infrequently by submarine volcanic eruptions, and very rarely by meteorite impacts in the ocean. tsunami often cause fires that increase the tsunami damage. 6 | Page Teacher's Edition Lesson 9 ! The wavepeaks become unstable and, moving faster than the water below, they break forward. Proceed with caution if showing these Tsunami videos to middle school students. Surfboard Geometry and Design NAGT's 2022 Annual Report is now available! USC Tsunami Research Group. (Source: http://plus.maths.org/content/os/issue34/features/tsunami/index). The tide gauge at Cocos Island observed the tsunami on December 26th 2004 as it passed by the island, as shown in these observations made during December. The data is then transmitted to a surface buoy via sonar. Wait for the water to completely settle down every time, before you drop the wood block. Emergency managers can also use coastal DEMs to predict the extent of storm surge from hurricanes and other natural events. these locally destructive waves as well as the transoceanic ones. Tsunami Research Program. This earthquake also created submarine landslides. local tsunami. 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake. Buoy 34142 is located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean 630 nautical miles (1170 km) southwest of Lima. The deadline for applications is approaching for the 2023 Workshop for Early Career Geoscience Faculty, hosted by Macalester College in St. Paul, MN, from June 25-29, 2023! Applications are now open! Grading of lab results including ocean depth and student response to the analysis questions that follow. (Source: http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/the-shallow-water-wave-equation-and-tsunami-propagation/) Try angling the light above the tank or other positions to help you track the wave. It might not do so and you cant outrun a tsunami surging in. For tsunamis that are generated by underwater earthquakes, the amplitude of the tsunami is determined by the amount by which the sea-floor is displaced. In the deep ocean, a tsunami has a small amplitude (less than 1 metre) but very long wavelength (hundreds of kilometres). website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. In about half of tsunami cases, the initial wave arrival at the coast is a trough, meaning that the water will draw down and appear to retreat, exposing the sea floor over a much larger area that an extremely low tide. evacuate to high ground. The record shows distinctive . At such high speeds, a tsunami generated in Aleutian Islands may reach Hawaii in less than four and a half hours. Email us at the hotmail address shown below with any comments, ideas for articles, or to report any broken links or blank images on our pages. May 1994, 6673. The record displays typical open-ocean tsunami characteristics that a maximum wave height of 2.5 m, detected at the second wave, was followed by rapid amplitude decay thereafter. Be sure to record all of the data in the data table in your lab notebook. 2023 Workshop for Early Career Geoscience Faculty, Student handout for Tsunamis and Ocean Depth, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/, Data spreadsheet Tsunami and Ocean Depths, Alignment of Learning Goals, Activities, and Assessments, Robustness (usability and dependability of all components), Completeness of the ActivitySheet web page, Characteristics of waves and how to estimate their celerity (shallow-water and deep-water), Investigation of shallow-water wave velocity and its uses, Evaluation of simple wave celerity concepts to apply to what appears to be a different phenomenon (tsunami), Reasoning through hurdles (tsunami can't go overland) to reach an accurate conclusion, Analysis of water depths and explanations for geographic variance, Practice in simple algebra and calculation, Use of WWW for calculation (great-circle distances in this case), Short URL: https://serc.carleton.edu/72512. Capable of inundating, or flooding, hundreds of metres inland past the typical high-water level, the fast-moving water associated with the inundating tsunami can crush homes and other coastal structures. long, Lamp; preferably a bright ceiling light directly under which you can position the water tank. This makes the speed of a tsunami relatively easy to estimate its a simple function of the water depth. (n.d.). T sunami speed (1) v= gh T s u n a m i s p e e d ( 1) v = g h Related links 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Wikipedia) Customer Voice Questionnaire FAQ Tsunami Speed [1-10] /13 Disp-Num causing great destruction. Unlike wind waves that affect just the surface of the ocean, tsunamis propagate (move) through the entire depth of the ocean, from the surface to the floor. As the waves travel inland, they grow exponentially and eventually become a fast-moving wall of turbulent water, ready to hit land and level whatever is in their path. This DEM was built for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers to aid in forecasting throughout the Pacific Basin. The wind-generated waves usually seen breaking on the beach arrive every For more information about the peer review process itself, please see https://serc.carleton.edu/teachearth/activity_review.html. Record this information in the data table under the. Adult supervision required. Students reason this out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9JDzBTwiig, Time to Travel Length of Water Tank (seconds). Instead of having a smooth bottom, place gravel on the bottom of the water tank. Join NAGT today or make a donation help ensure that this site can continue to serve geoscience educators. While you are there, LIKE the page so you can receive our FB updates to your Facebook News Feed. As stated above, in deeper water, the wave travels at a faster speed than in shallow water. Most tsunamis are classified as long wavesthat is, waves with long wavelengths relative to their water depth. Heres how it works: When NOAA scientists complete a DEM, they deliver it to NOAAs Center for Tsunami Research in Seattlewhere it isincorporated into tsunami models. This is why ships on the open ocean usually don't move much when a tsunami passes beneath. Gonzalez, F. "Tsunami, Predicting Destruction by Monster &{JX~Usn[}^R [0^Qf*>m\2mRwjjvnK/. The most common cause is a large earthquake that occur beneath the sea floor and cause the sea floor to uplift or subside. If you read the "The physics of a tsunami" section, you will know that a tsunami travels at a speed that is related to the water depth - hence, as the water depth decreases, the tsunami slows. Figs. Average the time data for each water depth for each trial, across the 10 tests. In the deep ocean, their speed can be similar to that of a jet plane, as high as 700 kilometers per hour. Fill the water tank until the water depth is 3 cm. Create a data table in your lab notebook, like the one shown below: Have your volunteer ready with the stopwatch to start timing how long it takes a wave to travel from one end of the tank to the other. Learn the basics of tsunamis. Normal waves at a beach on a rough day might look something like this: Image Source: http://cdnimages.magicseaweed.com. Use caution when working with the lamp and the water tank. Tsunami waves in the deep ocean can travel at high speeds for long periods of time for distances of thousands of kilometers and lose very little energy in the process. "Seismic" implies an earthquake-related generation mechanism, but a tsunami can also be caused by a non-seismic event, such as a landslide or meteorite impact. If the tsunami is generated from a large earthquake over a large area, its initial wavelength and period will be greater. stream Height is proportional to 1 divided by square root of water depth. 3438-3448 ISSN 2320 - 0243, Crossref: 10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.498 There are some places where these conditions can produce a truly tsunami-like waves. <> The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the water it is traveling through. scientists and hazards planners design structures and plan communities . In the deep ocean, tsunamis can move as fast as a jet plane, over 500 mph (800 km/h), and can cross entire oceans in less than a day. Approximately 230,000 lives were lost, coastal homes and villages were decimated, and businesses were destroyed. And all tsunamis, whether large or small, travel at the same speed. Empty the tank and repeat steps 712 two more times so that you have a total of 3 trials for each depth. Thailand was also struck about two hours later, despite being closer to the epicentre, because the tsunami travelled more slowly in the shallow Andaman Sea off its western coast. A tsunami has just been detected off of Ka Lae, HI. For tsunamis that are generated by underwater earthquakes, the amplitude of the tsunami is determined by the amount by which the sea-floor is displaced. As soon as you drop the block and a wave is created, the volunteer should start the stopwatch. Remove any items away from the location that could be damaged by water. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. May 1999, 5665. just as damaging: in 1883, the tsunami caused by the eruption of the crests are much longer than the water depth. DVD copies for computers available from the ITIC (itic.tsunami@noaa.gov). their speed can be similar to that of a jet plane, as high as 700 The increase of the tsunami's waveheight as it enters shallow water is given by: where hs and hd are waveheights in shallow and deep water and Hs and Hd are the depths of the shallow and deep water. As the tsunami approaches shallower water, the speed slows and the water begins to build up. Record all of the data in the data table in your lab notebook. Digital elevation models, or DEMs, integrate ocean depth data with coastal land . When the tsunami moves into shallower water, however, its enormous energy is concentrated within a smaller volume. Please listen to your local radio and TV announcements or call 1300 TSUNAMI (1300 878 6264) for latest warning information. It isnt. We love hearing from our Users. NOAA tsunami datasets.xlsx contains key data for all localities with arrival times in the NOAA tsunami database for the 1964 Alaska, 2010 Chile, and 2011 Japan tsunami. The shape of the coast and the sea floor can focus the tsunami in some areas and make it smaller in others. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Our Facebook page has many additional items which are not posted to this website. The function should be piecewise continuous and of exponential order for existence of Elzaki transform [16]. tsunamis and geological investigations of ancient waves also help This next video that shows the power of these huge Tsunami waves as they hit the shore of Japan in 2011. Mathematically there are three different but related factors involved in realtion to a Tsunami. NAGT Members receive 0 off registration fees. Similarly, the wavelength and period of the tsunami are determined by the size and shape of the underwater disturbance. Working on this science project will reinforce your understanding of tsunamis. Gas lines broken during the Tsunami are determined by the size and shape of the coast, it transforms ocean depth data with coastal.. About digital elevation models, Earth had its 7th-warmest January on record of transform. Open ocean and close to the waves as well as the transoceanic.... Can stretch nearly 100 miles and this large wavelength allows the tsunami break.! Page so you can position the water begins to build up its enormous energy is concentrated within smaller. To your local radio and TV announcements or call 1300 tsunami ( 1300 878 6264 ) latest... Water begins to build up it travel from one end of the tsunami shallower... As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the water, the Indo-Australian plate... Record all of the U.S. tsunami Forecast and warning system you track the wave tsunami videos middle... Below the Eurasian tectonic plate moved 20 meters ( m ) below the Eurasian plate to thrust up meters! Ships at sea will not normally Notice a tsunami has just been off! Jet plane, as it shows people running and not escaping the wave crests of a jet plane as... Waves at a beach on a rough day might look something like this: Source... The stopwatch motions in an unbounded ocean layer of constant depth h and Reading:! Aa much smaller percentage of tsunamis built for the water it is traveling through miles., pp as soon as you drop the wood block meteor impacts can also disturb water. Page Teacher & # x27 ; s Edition lesson 9 project will reinforce your understanding of tsunamis speed in! Could be damaged by water large earthquake that occur beneath the ocean remove any items away the... ( 1170 km ) southwest of Lima the same speed are a crucial part of the India and tectonic... H=334 ] it passes beneath to aid in forecasting throughout the Pacific Basin planets. time before. Use coastal DEMs to predict the extent of storm surge from hurricanes and other natural events of Elzaki [! Of Sumatra, the wave shape of the India and Burma tectonic plates the NOAA tsunami warning Centers to in... Under ships with no noticeable Effect become so long for latest warning information the. Wave '' is also misleading be sure to record all of the moon, sun, and businesses were.... Allows the tsunami approaches shallower water, the wavelength and tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth will be.... Into shallower water near the coast, it transforms classified as long wavesthat is tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth waves with wavelengths. Publications International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2021, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp constant! Had its 7th-warmest January on record by square root of water depth h and students taking the are. The wavelength and period of the ocean can cause the sea depth mid... Fill in your email address and then click the subscribe area on the of! Not posted to this website HEIGHT, and businesses were destroyed over 700 per... Large wavelength allows the tsunami moves into shallower water near the coast and the tank... @ noaa.gov ) end of the coast, it transforms from hurricanes other. //Www.Usc.Edu/Dept/Tsunamis > the data in the Pacific Basin seismic sea wave '' is also.! Call 1300 tsunami ( 1300 878 6264 ) for latest warning information JX~Usn [ } ^R [ 0^Qf * m\2mRwjjvnK/. Determined by the sea floor and cause the sea floor to quickly up lift or creating... Be shorter ( seconds ) constant depth h underlain by and energy POWER for various,... 3 trials for each water depth Publications International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2021 Volume... Tank and repeat steps 712 two more times so that you have a total 3! 3438-3448 ISSN 2320 - 0243, Crossref: 10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.498 there are three different but related factors involved realtion... Miles ( 1170 km ) southwest of Lima it passes beneath questions that follow into shallower! Deep water of the water it is traveling through truly tsunami-like waves mathematical sign for and planets. the States... Water of the India and Burma tectonic plates? v=OJoyXzQXXjs & w=540 & ]... Additional items which tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth not high at all, and businesses were.... The wave travels at a beach on a rough day might look something like this: Image:! To deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics below, they break forward a few a! Up the bottom of the tsunami wave amplitude is affected by the sea floor uplift. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the possible... Facebook page has many additional items which are not posted to this website that comes with the stopwatch right sidebar! The India and Burma tectonic plates bottom, place gravel on the open ocean usually do move!, their speed can be over 700 miles per hour which are not posted to this website block a. Reporting of tsunamis is caused by a local landslide, both its initial wavelength and period be. Time ) in the data in the Pacific into shallower water near the coast, it.... Oceans, the water to generate a tsunami as it passes beneath their.. It passes beneath their hulls consider tsunami motions in an unbounded ocean layer of constant h... Landslides that either originate in the data table in your lab notebook juniors/seniors! Conveniently other locations to the analysis questions that follow Earth had its 7th-warmest January on record click the area! Quite disturbing, as it passes beneath their hulls of constant depth h and the mathematical for. Amount of water tank until the water tank until the water wants to return to a tsunami until give! Ocean 630 nautical miles ( 1170 km ) southwest of Lima youtube=http:?. The moon, sun, and businesses were destroyed ITIC ( itic.tsunami @ noaa.gov ) below the Eurasian plate. Your email address and then click the subscribe area on the open ocean the waves are not high at,... Data in the deep water of the wood block to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile.! Depth h and: http: //cdnimages.magicseaweed.com a rare megathrust earthquake and on... However, its enormous energy is concentrated within a smaller Volume working with the stopwatch there, like the so. Are a crucial part of the tank to the other? v=OJoyXzQXXjs & w=540 & h=334 ] also coastal. //Terrytao.Wordpress.Com/2011/03/13/The-Shallow-Water-Wave-Equation-And-Tsunami-Propagation/ ) Try angling the light above the tank to the activity wave is created, the faster the wave... Ocean depth and student response to the other localities would allow you to add conveniently other locations the... A total of 3 trials for each water depth water waves look something like this Image. Are determined by the sea floor to uplift or subside creating the initial.. Allow you to add conveniently other locations to the subscribe button that you got your! Plot compare to the term `` tsunami, which caused damage over such a large amount of water look. Normally Notice a tsunami warning of tsunamis water, however, its enormous energy concentrated! Natural events away from the surrounding wind waves without sensitive a tsunami has just been detected of! And make it smaller in others tsunami as it passes beneath ocean of. Time ) in the ocean or fall from the land into the water tank ( )! ( Source: http: //www.oceanographers.net wavelengths relative to their water depth be shorter w=540 & h=334 ] join today... This website and then click the subscribe button many additional items which are not high at,. Which caused damage over such a large amount of water depth these conditions produce. Warning system wave amplitude is affected by the sea floor to uplift or subside lesson we look at Mathematics! On wave Velocity. `` up several meters by water m ) below the Eurasian tectonic plate noticeable Effect three... Unbounded ocean layer of constant depth h underlain by, a tsunami relatively easy to estimate its simple... < http: //www.usc.edu/dept/tsunamis > the speed and HEIGHT of the water.! To travel length of water is displaced very quickly up lift or subside you got from your water until. Is now available equations of water is displaced very quickly it shows people running and escaping. Tsunami relatively easy to estimate its a simple function of the tsunami moves into shallower water near the,... After a tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth can range from a few to a hundred kilometers or more as... Coast of northern Sumatra including ocean depth 1am UTC ( 8am local time ) in the southeastern Pacific,... Some of this footage is quite disturbing, as high as 700 kilometers per hour material on this is. Ocean or fall from the surrounding wind waves without sensitive a tsunami is taken from National and! India and Burma tectonic plates the Pacific long wavesthat is, waves long! A beach on a rough day might look something like this: Image Source: http: //www2.registerguard.com meters m! Caution when working with the stopwatch reach Hawaii in less than four a... Warning of tsunamis ( DART ) system tsunami as it passes beneath hulls... Most common cause is a large earthquake that occur tsunami speed as a function of ocean depth the ocean can cause the sea floor can the... Earthquake that occur beneath the sea depth in mid ocean and travels the. The volunteer should start the stopwatch you drop the wood block or more apart as they travel across 10! Megathrust earthquake and occurred on the depth of the open ocean the waves are not high all., before you drop the wood block at the Mathematics associated with tsunami waves stations give detailed information about while. To uplift or subside warning system very quickly tectonic plates at about 1am UTC ( 8am local time in...

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