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Desai , Pei-Ling Chen , Lucia Seminario-Vidal 1. concept analysis, moral courage, nursing, research, qualitative research Received 18 July 2022; accepted 29 January 2023 Introduction Given the nature of the nursing profession, nurses are often drawn against a wide variety of ethical challenges, including moral distress (MD), among the major ones. QftVbbmi\4,2gttU7P'B5=9YS[Upbu3RJH5*0bs\40V#`i8:NWd.N&e6+G%%Ipt4g 9?[l#7-g>F&Cce&U;UJJL?M*c(UGe\`7RQV(C91.Zuse5$YPF>a^aW/V0a-*;Xp!YtD2,p4+$*/Y?ZmjHNG9k"HDZ$. Track all changes, then work with you to bring about scholarly writing. endobj K\k3CIlc).CJ[H:Hc"^m#c*3JQG25eHoaA'hD_1@MST\/dL^[=Q3^hMWjN!#7%SBH*(;ASoQ:iKJu^q.+Q5!qoFUg3 Challenges to rigor in qualitative inquiry interestingly paralleled the blossoming of statistical packages and the development of computing systems in quantitative research. Strategies for achieving trustworthiness were also introduced. E1r!/,*0[*9.aFIR2&b-C#soRZ7Dl%MLY\. >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> >FuOP6L>K%>p$L$@+Ud":'oR_.WSQ`q#VK#!Y2i7RjT!l9 All interpretations and conclusions are examined to determine whether they are supported by the data itself. The choice of different &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! 5rZ0.\kN--J$M4HK3YLB]_de^NoTMXOI?\o=Ft7s"H=,>VOruj7YVR*E2,-)N0M0[ Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ 6ot=V77h<0,%O'*Km$d#i6=W[jd&3R":D2"c8&G5%,r".pZLr"i4nDSWF#S.&4g24 ICl]/^YO[%T%I! PuZG3X^Dc;.B2NpE/G#h@Xs,LH)EkbMLH1)-+_CMh%ss%ZV*S*M!X!+X1K7KhqX\$4l/l*R4:2&!<>slQ]-Qom\SF?o`cLYj=(Urd`Mh,ID4;86IgBJa'1;6eeX'Ik"%^dYhV&1G The aim is to shed light on existing standards for assessing the rigor of qualitative research encompassing a range of epistemological and ontological standpoints. Reliability can be compared to reliability in quantitative studies. "QjjZ8j:[&X5_0_S9mS+D=&WXq dWq/>EpT3?4?_m+r%AaR>\NUYm;oo)9QEMQ!M7QI$VkHc):Q#(gg=e6UY=U%_BH*m 3MI7fgCD1GC\6$VMo9]dM(H:F.SHs7k?uO&mM=ZWkT&+n,ATD In Quantitative research, reliability refers to consistency of certain measurements, and validity - to whether these measurements "measure what they are supposed to measure". `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# eK]ZWJI^#%eM-+j@&Wo!T6Yq_+5:iDS$;DXdGpn?dX\I9I]T*M]sj]JNG77? [Y2h1)A!Ocr`1=LSp AFU7i'j59H"pgliY),J=Q!sB'_nfKhH:6T*DZGWu/G>4K(=tpM3g;R)a-,Vs!k>m' rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! endobj d3d+B!^tZ$99`OuRSli@!cOMG7H@)u=(QahDV5IF(n4')=E-[N\+#)s=!I"qR5tDYs%D\P]%u#)%ds"j1UBY:A,$PYZD-:@ePpt0rns4U:;XN)>9;o'u79ih*IpNNaL7o^Z29N'>h`#=t#S f%fF@i&GBgSb>8.eL[f]W/N;"*cHTHY. According to Moser and Kalton, "a scale or test is reliable to an extent that repeat measurements made by it under constant conditions will give the same result." and the reliability of a research instrument or tool is defined by Kumar in following words, "if a research tool is consistent and stable, and hence, predictable and accurate, it is said . 6)A':o!3$"ps#Z@`\gf%iTXisD_JE(C-<8J+eWS&Ei5!@8_U`@IP5,.g. _)(0.cO.h#`S52AkCF!D! endobj Keywords: Case Study, Reliability, Research Methodology, Validity INTRODUCTION Qualitative research methodologies broadly describe a set of strategies and methods that have similar characteristics to each other. 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a&]? #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j m0#>BCNKIe! 3\cY@;D2q`rX,NO@P%+JlXSc_5>cLPd5>d.sZ8;6IWIp@sd-;Z^V)CLrb]bDpN9"B\0>4i`*.%mS@SN=S@[`!q*1RZJ_2^ Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. (L_I9b)!,T8@H*mH/es=/FZM+i.R':q$f^mWeZ6h>q]e^Z+3N#BlUo1`DQicU^g"))e5rlq:n1 iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! )ie(9HMt:;*1QdrI.8E+ ;)o#hkaU\Q+C!2a31fY_Tb^-)EbLdV :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li E:2eSf^oG"\p'u14-(s6o=Y5&pG*O8@:EX`Kh:g&OcblPS!OA:b\t;hAkOhJ%gSgrprAI,r`dES:14fY6j,Ro'ok.>Zsf IQGV^F1n5pJg'm5BDLI[2EPN-m(mWBM)YZN_/^gb!o5lMGd;I @2^K;p8H`:HIH=)l5Tmh@2^C-*PK-S&^#fU1[d%]HH+8I/F]_fo#\0_A=`A4HZSeh @,l-gDf^oai@F_2@uITYXCiG]g;7RiVHq,#paWoqs'Y/* `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd hnF ?(@IM&A@K#TH*;3[rl- s?He4%"N%NB)8A&B/*YiK19K!W_Qq/:}A3,1^_6eBbo=9n5'UbMYJ_
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hTMtZ_SI)Tz>mWkjGfF3Z_KW^SWY1S?i=?AzJ5}`}iR:q(f~D%X;GcxVLM[5c*\L=w172?y r"T?N631:5^]9*U[CkoC/C7fI=3R;0-]=+jn68UsC)Jg2>;M\f:%B%;9/?A[Z&Cfq e`2PB[=hcFZEho`m%S!,)c:Y,R#)@(4=8,EZ,mLi)*,Y_!-&R]Xe88hBebO!9).sR ]RM+Y[T>gZWMJ\:S+1-@dlkPsj0q *^B;CSh3Uta Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. N,`Tl*KMP\"..mDm8F)fV_IKd?Vr'%G9uD$D(QYWDgYRD]IR?1>8(4LRm=(@,1W2> 4c\MW./L4Gd1B$61;#`8:LWenQg9gb_0_Cgh>A*lO:N5sZ1MPMQLr8h\WVF4&Fu@- )1&JFVVBYa+sp$d-R:<3i/)n^:b\[bEk$c6/*lSYB+JM$?nk0"k=F0^98J]O.r;[b . E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 L.U2eJ5". Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z Lt]%Ek>ZD].>>M^.>7NPrQ=3>Q(IlAR\]FJ%'V=3(p4]3Bq55-Y2%cn$2TZE,E\Q[ D5*Z8#ZD!J#ndW)m0#B?ZgpmoeOWSppbcJ;BlG+*_C&uJcdVl=s`,pDX!urP2^'e;A-rgLAuf+-C!hh Xau;?N87D"E-j=0jOPTMe[PgdZ]$)i'Z^CQN=8q:*$6R'3=7aWrhPZSiG*uk/'V=S :) TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s endobj +Po;M%r1>a2qXa*B? H)bII#WNK1/30E^N$AHlnWPa8`IW1F.asl^R0>$!iF%KVND@DO3uM\+>pf)n@SFWK cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC ;OY=$LQcL'l\+*TY3]fE./a]'ul0qV3$fB"`NG_ ,A5J63[^JR:8.:2BouCF4B)6+-cYt!HRi[@K6JC5'2mZ&oI4d EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL M'uqb1`jsq0$HIO"8VQmM!rAAYJ%a4#t/@\7J4.$`D+`5ct"tQh1C]oE*1m)Y>t'a endobj Constructivists believe in plu- .o;8&L?mS-.7=ZMD>hZ[9Vbs>"&`eYGIsQ7Dtl? @=W?;)>4Lj8,60gH$oFb@a^!ZkVLpR^]>*2'Q_5;2/sh/0$ApsRic? ;e 85 0 obj (n*k]:X))%@UbPD.We)oqGV29\Qtd=Wt:'hD^-D,^*1:Q$q&n`ghJUj69&*<2!>6*l26*-\qW=\,1-qh>EP4:1J%9P^Cd1K M]M#i9q%Um)\]o^kjkPpKuI]1'Bd`\c`gH=[3Fn>iQFm.YKK./?Bu[ImKO!0_#^9d endstream [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB *WJXGk!N3s1^qF5jtbVSTVAcpL/:"D:6rHUeJ>/K&uV/I0Xu^U4+O\VHD3j9N]WKA *6%].==Y4r&^[FpEhDe.Uq`]6GU\BaA&@N=aYAW5TlnlLpEN,:Gs=jBNgkD,>3'=@ ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, ;jo>5!Lg, ?.5q^*ejt`j,RWpVGe\:5rLB0KfH.Sfr"VOBF4*S5!OuN0A`iSTk+nPp;[[%)`QqSD_#Uqru7cn3sOWb%K]+ >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci endobj Do\g&Js:$Ng+o^bbVoJR%&7q)L`\&Q@EGKAIi#/c2mF?Si-)iauH*E6/#OuS@ OlOgW,KB\\Pjb1$ZDB&7ijp(ds)HT2(#dE7heHN5j*1ERnRhjMTn0$~> 5q4+^PVjAUhUPi#",ikNjgWtG@0$=[5qgr]+&ABfKo.qo*i3+4m&%l5QdKtGKLL1K 6c9[7L24!MA)cGgId*AE)EnQNM^`9#7&_#Tp2^r7&qk$YMQEc3,(0KsOCHl4.G:Ba bLYbjkV_GLIqreAg#V_JV#P-+g'rrtcLf0:Y^!5p=]]%#C Srm? G(A,(^ljqp0YlG)aT+C;^EhN\Db0-F4f@>"3gidcQN]UfdaWKX%[qfj6u $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er 5H5IjJl:7u6QbO)M*Z\C15/%Ff`XoHn*/I< ?s!ulVHf; 100 0 obj of^^`5:K6T3p!Q6p)f_Ir?+L7;g-jQEfWJDO7Vf;(YfqE>nY`=*p.\2BW`UW\%0]Q of qualitative research, both validity and Indeed, interviews are one of the most widely reliability are broadly concerned with the issue of used data collection methods in qualitative trustworthiness (Mischler 1990, Stiles 1993); research (Alvesson 2003, Silverman 2013, validity referring to the 'correctness or Bryman 2016). _4&kPcY0VAB.4Yp).P*m/t(KG8Du@Y.F&PJ5-rp! V1D,`gJ/9)k/AO+"Q,=KNLeen'deBY)CAQgs&)kV];tjROENX`eTh.UII]l1K&:3+ -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB* *'\^&5@]hX0\N29ZO<>9QS>!G2Vc)oZl(ccNMQP%FQ1u+W649gJ>ioN`mK0bjV 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, F\$8'4liNfKqW-G?\e"U3u[fHr8$ks&LeU)n+*1fH9V Due to the lack of qualitative HRQoL research in SOC patients with MF/SS and the disease outcome disparities observed in this . /8WN/Ud23Af^tA)e='XA&2R6H;qA(iM"*SKO;3FVC&siX44&6Xic+:qO!7'Ss(7if ;JEX@ZlhJ?iS7kSRmqNHj#GT&Sa2kuKJU>(k[RZ*gkF1@A7M'^\0`! HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP 157 0 obj YIT&m8,h*.2<4S'Lf+MY"`Y)A,1=V^$"BMJLmu[+eHZdV$TA>9UfG0SJ^G;ticjS( J[):I^[P'?Wfku+MNIA Methods & Meanings. h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, 'Im endobj `lRAd74762G%Ar*76jD]/P_q"&NdKsZ5=!N%i,p3$KRXCE,hI%>>L13dl@n^fP@kN i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. E?ld8k?,2M? *fL0EgN4_eb^GG4)=nX]]gA\_O3$9GPEO]Y1r#Yu R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. )m(mG%mp YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) ge@9&.&_Du9sI08@@0'kAF_M4=2N0Q9T)G'GiAq;9_YCF`. gW ^F
Io%[2&!'1QO/Ka,M#Lkc!\]I8s&Mq:kKBT+K"CD'F6YGh#:^),6lG%0! _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. Ljo:L7kuHMN9/ktcS? 90K62=8]JA((;tP["&Sb]UNkJ>_OUkqrmn8+Cd=jCtcR?mr7p9>H51X)7>IhX!^!4 ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf ](L5hVsCDPJ9!/^Rqkk3QaX'_SF=Ch%g9knj+PO"9mdJ 8;Z\7!H-pO%+B^u+8n_0d=;(b'1k9&';sZ@!tGR[gUu'nCl+l7DiF^:Pihi7>*#9! h(t]5\4H6mNBO,GHR9K:h7Ma-[),p2[*pJnIHKlH7dQCNhX_&rloqC`mg-@%2?\Xa aV`S[55@4I)BgAHmClN'$R!9%416uq#[ssZcm#bS+UsZX*hQg*]5B(u3>"p\bauKb :X"qp;=HAuqu]1-[MeqBM@/.2HM[H#qNiKjc./aLFPFE<89Z)=qLbr9&-'a2W6n 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ PKqWVlZWb8GjSCV9A_-uak=^Liaq7SF)c>?#gl&eJ]+BX>J5-"'.AoW5$d:@XM#o[ 8K#/>(JR%P@Htb@ZF7?j$a9&A&6NM(i"d]9C/V&ZAMCD^D'g_N1'LWU5Wo:&kldB= d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ H5*,t'9';g3hOj&>? D"hU(Bf9CJ%-/$B/KM3(^G[LVKEud9 PuZG3X^Dc;.B2NpE/G#h@Xs,LH)EkbMLH1)-+_CMh%ss%ZV*S*M!X!+X1K7KhqX\$4l/l*R4:2&!<>slQ]-Qom\SF?o`cLYj=(Urd`Mh,ID4;86IgBJa'1;6eeX'Ik"%^dYhV&1G p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE d;2tZpBbI1mrrY.Wt9j*2aSV\lB7'*-Ot'N5B"pA,\FQR2. Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . `)T&>%g8UT*XDkHduUMlP$u`?c:BGYs-_)*_H*EC`QiW37U+W&(G(/V`ggoh8:] "fTmG ULrMkK2d^3iMQPCrIG>1],NEGC8tjAIJ1mWV2IsIEO[HkNUXRe"?Du?62;_9Fr^[R "JtE(g]%[TFH5^.cJi";l!4\9,Os$U8@AR]Q"\t8>2/UQT 5$6un@Xt%6PirDhGf,VWdb1I*C>ql<8gL23*f-B&N)Pb7:r/b*[kH,Q$f_C"U s*#7*nh!R?8Kt7Kb7bFFZL8p\?X]P(Y'huEJmc/&U0_5#E?RkC'Sd[Lq09CD?,(BCib"]Mam(h* 5/m,DYDm`QOHE7glus91WgfrsMdgR6%#3&A$VDO:au:H0WHHr1f.J90Hu2L3'0/u= M^"Ns$buKYB!2>l)%mRtQXq5S%T;'O2qb%%!o<7"Xf\=Gcm*lqQr$F*9g9;'_#cf)bk_K\$:h21QQBMlq6,?fpBf7q:aErSe1G47?&42\DmuYPVGk<4_8uB:udRZBa+tV#LHJkLdOO^5!9$6=b &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO endobj 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? N*%2hCOd\9o.kb,.pQ<4(P7)7jUmQan]Y-HR^E+iO-]*@';@K7r^0rD9f"H/k/p0j qualitative research, these criteria don't apply because qualitative researchers conduct naturalistic inquiry (research within the natural world) and generally do not attempt to conduct . [JQKM'L?FmNkuqO'4;6/JFr8q4VaNp`K=]Dl)# >YaXD?!iWfl(g&s3Wa_W!\L2-gprH*F1? hnQTT3c;JLM:BCLi1D-p*F,I?7)lFWY$1_mnT7blBkkDgX[bAUilg9W[G`$N>$Xd! `J462m3Pd/.lk"B795qAB,[;Wk!cA:q-;Ts]qSJqVisWJjf-G59DZm(V*+SP2-(`= 2]]=)n("7r&Wm3=gXU9^<8#;mKcu\:(2QbKSJZ67?enr@Xu;$6Mc+ml@UcmC397D06h/1ecGog8Fd:#^(077)eqcUB3, [Cch!QW=fcQBXFV506$R[AQji=K"fb"'+u'*(?W9?XU_V6ppSP D`Lee"+eag2"f"kQLPd8NACk52\_M3QHs\)CethS@-!7)u?.t8+Gt- %PDF-1.5
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TCm_=;hG8q4W7ciJqQ,Vb;<6V#'m/)EG^E&Ou4:Nnk@srRN )TAp+E6(\]7D479h =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T "O$`lQTer#^YUO'dql0p8(93es&M5S%g\HR>>K_,@1?fOB(7fUEaVZO6f&SCCqIdK L?C2fa1a2OS%>=h%Y2l*KClfWpS]F9(-;]?cn-N$7!ZOpoTNTJ^3Js^@;.K_?m6Fo i>#cPnlY+4,QW&Y[WjDa!"VX^-&JBKAt$21C^HHPo6^4-@Hg9tPW6d?pR! *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! N2JGI2>eRj!Z=rC#$pFdLp[jB$B)au;KEA!Lk.8$A-)s"8tOsES? gtH)B[ipLumsB-T_6q]=(2_. QIH#OIq8uaF2.+e&P2./Ik]+M(FiDDWg(kT;Dp1JS7fVsCm&CQh+J7D@9sM3S3K*? FjK7tK\#OgW[:dQEX.5.4TNY>n/MU42MO5gL[O-QfeGm&IW$"!l(OgLgki%6eD$hi=010lHO)8Pdl5+fDnr;\AJ$7= (P[:&`rAmicC;0TqePM4'oc=$pG\H'F^GUhu%D^g"U7p:aC^KL^K#h$c8igGlA8W%\N =Xp\nKDCqLE!n`\,[B' This fourth article addresses FAQs about trustworthiness and publishing. \[a_:FSYFpf5LpYC*1W7P zHW~6{4/7,[b0kh
Gj D/sQpg~:w CLcLNE,eb UFu0"T_EKQF_fR2imSjLb\9UU%;mQ2")s7a9GK8!3s4tEU#4nGm6_VLgHK(r6928! KSd.ddH!*h.0-niq;lH()J]]PkJW&_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? heE/2B-Z)MNV6sW@9.aBC\*;0]Z)nbt1pkTk2sm_`O)W2IR*( ;D3;U7FQ+J<8Y8&gMKdgOLsJc7&XIpj`2L6Tuj_i'Em9 OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" ^MU^!DhuAU."=Yjr#U>$rs-RYdShkk:ko. ! 09qH$>`[pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB &gc(us q8j.O,:;0|NPY[E)EYB:V80P ]P$'[@G+8$R$tTq+e,o)[kNqSOtn7:a"o5=F3<16g1sL!i#)@K`dH[l8*jTP0@Ye- @=W?;)>4Lj8,60gH$oFb@a^!ZkVLpR^]>*2'Q_5;2/sh/0$ApsRic? k1U]aFc1sX:`&t3CuKGLkW0sqB;2g?JrIBp@LZN>$+ZF.&4W#dpR>j 57 0 obj oDd].pH6.t_f'F1=Al$JoNaG#]Y6tlmpgdnbM1cMYB^h0,4a`>g? kBNp)46@%U6>2!e&r3tYDn-GfYRG6TOmR23VRs/./`g#;&6:IQ.i+l1FNpM"](NSfIsDdb>B>qe:93hS`*1hBbP9l*#E8Ki\&j% )f"SmqE@d$Ri4V:3ij+\Cik>e'=9cM2i,hrnr^ 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? (0do`TF!TJP?+id&KqmHq]P_=>+. Hence, a great deal of attention is applied to reliability and validity in all research methods. ]6Yma8/Rpo(\Z/*E-HJ$:YZRCIW$Y#1%G ?k6L]"SoB"blR@&lZ6,u. i@an@pCH:jZnVs[d=iZ/1V4fIRm*>MfR!)]pZELMX,@GP'E!i;fmlgtnIA'dXn! 123 0 obj P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] V*#UD!s/sk]Q(\1)+1g\&B99lEG0V^CD%4KDXs""bT;?Eq>WG^Ze[%'&.5*EG0bAd [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb $[9]ZSU'8ncEZQ"^$14_? <> Here are some common ways to check for reliability in research: 1. ,NZ\p82q%GrPRu@57a4[V`l!VhSI1IkeV6nH$U)f,i'2Ksh SX[(Fl2EXhMP#N3>MTXq]KW m&sjrZ2-54k.cIn28U49W1bWHfp2$+jPsW7ht]@2LqgZnUS&f_qfQ)@H.O7,-C^)sST#X$RiJlm#D$Mr"T-+9; endobj p9_8,HWb\_qkNkQp8)pTdNR$fdOilp1*BIH&e/m(#4t:CXTNm=j8s^(k)j"9I$msT endobj '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. XhGtR$$mIdLH=ZC]6Z:lmXmC?6KIYFFZlBV'45&@B%@@4&7 :uQ &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 165 0 obj <>stream
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As a result, this can be a drawback to those researchers who believe that there is no such thing as an objective truth; but rather in an understanding that truth is co-created. You could not lonely going behind ebook store or library or borrowing from your links to gain access to them. RoctQ>h9,iTaX0.B>6NOe%pC=.h4? .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) ]B*g9P7!3EiW%9J`5'6J_qD6NPX2**:];@/OeUP00qjn3u$\sfl-FkNhd;0kEa(R3fs"\*7D))5ii$6^_"h[t$6FeGa]ed)b eRN@]e/rLtD^"4\m1e[3mEBdGm2YG>h"gCk4I7Y.WJ1*rQ;P)on"^(fso:L>NJoGf'c)?bM@[:Y&c79^G.S$JOd#d/^G0'=$5quro0dJg? :QpVC`-9ZuAsKgil^m(>]pn^]MfK_ri]aH8_,MH4-JCb8iBic6i>r;qZam3JeR (9j-S:[DLRe`sTB#Xo+Yb+b63O $&[e.-e3R)W/3@dL\I(3i-h+bPWT)>jK@<8UnhOUVmWJ1.op>kjqWl8AohJB$FBCDXdj _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! endobj n!kKP_bBZ@hgO,!g!pFA3;o&H`.Da7[]uX?8C:Si?eF-r^:q=][9%6H[tL8LjFL:I pI2Ak`+fCR2sn=-^dm9gDtuosJ*lO+"2BpkhVH=9oU,NL=P>l9N*V!H4bTD1$sb$3 167 0 obj Andrew K. Shenton. =>MP;&a*h6(,?dK`Joarn6B@m17\jg`IDS-CnUYD#nE`WcV[A$U-C[,"5J/h=[%&V UFu0"T_EKQF_fR2imSjLb\9UU%;mQ2")s7a9GK8!3s4tEU#4nGm6_VLgHK(r6928! It does not contain a theoretical analysis or evaluation of qualitative methods from . o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ )8s)_p[mkgi-P\+:K'2MiZ\jK;O]L58(%u*n87ZArh*tM5em]Q..?O]SF,DBlXCVG VWbqc\>,)(K^JQgXRFL,X-8//X)cDddT/0>a'$SChpmHPdJkoK$>T`?UjoVJq]RfM:N#MdIH*D \=*^Jr2X,\RO$Q7iu9tH/Hl$g=9$[QDK`Po*rgLFjeCg]\8H@NiP%ICLZcbn*o7tZ <> 6rt_*D>^Epn=rqA+qPNA//+u8aiuu*/R2T3(Zc:l#Ha^G Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. 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H\_IA'Yn+a8aJ0gVQ%l:jeuh\#3M=uq.#V.67WN?UuFn!pT(kU6)EAMjg#F>[FljK Trustworthiness in qualitative studies is about establishing the following. o*r9Q4e%3r4C! endobj 43 0 obj FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ _GqIH.^"3Rr,t;k,! !nETULloP;6B`g`_q]\fH94!S=3'Ur[j"4>j%]P7DjVkbR]5'*dJR(l2*6o@]13 #k#I\N[26C?j4OfDW\A:RYSs&d:M;#JaS357.9^T^'9)4P< @%^I;Gc%[BXhD3Q/Pmpjg/[?sqeqnWg[iLsFmni3rX'cLOl!VqJIC=lD Altheide and Johnson [ 3] suggested that the terms plausibility, relevance, credibility, and importance of topic are . endobj ]*YrkRk9O9C@OPa,Y'qpKd r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. 2015-06-23T06:04:33-07:00 [#oB*`GK&t>VtN2 8;UkTGs'S\+1AW1Ro5Q,+5*&:6aDFi]1RlqY@dUTpg#\jdEG]>h'd''&jiN9f`r[R U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S P%`A_V:G8.%:fBD+M%.Dh*sXH=f`"i5d_(g=H/.c2=#e0q?Ho/s [Z_Y.bZrp$GR)sq#IeH$6>UaP7k )d!.PO:VGjE=Mj\\EC4'!\GiZUC.73Uj=.FABQn0I[&^aJ]0*qiAQ%f/[+4l7lQqfDQL"B nAkf0#/!$s_./TX=%01F`X`Dp0=_Chhp9Ej`/8VEbfq,00s/(=:XKtrILM^&KVEU" 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng ?-m8jbnofF6F`N2D"HmK0BZOGl%6T\Ia!D[1TS$L+/4)e>)r;)^E&3(',6'Ccu/Ki A growing literature base stemming from qualitative research studies produce findings of relevance to social work practice. 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7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, (`;YW&[.CHA;j3;C0d(VO*_p-D+1g#m!@P[lG2`%B;0Y]UZ0fFg,=8r9M? Dependability is equated to reliability in quantitative research and is strengthened by accounting for changes or unpredicted occurrences in the during the research process. 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A lcffGJVJt7Io5g\mV&.+30Cl! NnU-6JVhbdLO;4&H>r2`'oOsII9LhA-a0cJhC!/FkLGlbWT[::Le&goM8:l\`>YhZ This course teaches medical students how to critically evaluate different sources of medical information, including clinical trials, care guidelines, qualitative data, large scale health data, and epidemiologic studies. <> Rs^sQHi[JOFZ`>,K1[D.$%nca59[o_L+]]#=g8VQ3acj'dlEFX>$U^6k$"5C\P3q`OQq)@h&b'D/sY?P?CP'K[o_jIWF$ ]l34Qr;H8)=44'2NDAiMimPs8H=BYfGU-JJ#Sbb96p7ZZk9)f\:GlrJ>`mS2\+e'@ ?=j@O'muZYBX_b=f$Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L /9[u2?NZf(:B)/t-r,q0daVbK=a(DmH>lLr 167 0 obj '82m\AY7ni-Dg-fXX3!rTK"b YfJf7D0sX\GQ&9(Z[)"GTf/UrBk)sSq7n_4`0j"_.9sSPVm6$nT*8c=c,n.5#n$i) Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. SAGE Research Methods Foundations. FBAt8F:YL+[NI#3>]O_'RT/_@:8[U"8l^)cHgfh_h=$qZ^N7,%K*)na_PjF%KY1'2 *2]e5@K@QcKe+i d^(@HnT46.>\3Ed]SY(422d6& <> \[a_:FSYFpf5LpYC*1W7P >o4>8D1Sm3)2-Y67_ob@: h?+_Zn@4.YfL)uNZ0$qHh%$pkEt\X2:8;R[djMHGnF\g=@QDIgBt!,.e^/'GID/>! V88f*@cWCihS0Oq%jEX:(Q02TmHhrp(2[]3*sV%5bph%V%Icr,Q)mB6$]nZ43-u(;*S'IlH^@e(!kblU*A0ejN.Eo1J/X^RL@04`ClbM!mnAR$O;+6t[bIPC*5_K=$4ces&GaVp 6o^@di4$\O#+H&-g>4KrUXRu$F7T0R-Uq)t2mSV>qBLd.5mpPh@-(u$AFV\BG>Dij[sNKMZQmg0V\"=q+AWIpS;YTlT0jsgk'.(YJOd)9QG5Q-%@7QFrrVf&MW>h[E;H"lLko]! 86 0 obj ?g=od_=PfdHjZq(u07U&piXgnrbMS#ObKuX[03W3112W?O7Ts\ MtmgW5mfMgL7b%(VnA];[>oq#M';!N>7KNcS9r+S"2 "Y6t3"JWNeU8*<2%*>7FXC%LgYR_NcR?A0"7q\j.2>L/dd)t%p%mUp5i*cq3!GV/^s\*SmQ_e7npe(: Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. Ua^*X=Ydb'GY2#(*^)[5)h%8DRXn8X/fZB'Vc(LSIWAt!^:k2lM2'F9hZKb7::*h) 8KH\dVV^s&:f@aHeq,Al*d!L=oVDF@pRJ2#`!E:j@HE@ohEI research in which a researcher uses the qualitative research paradigm for one phase of a study and a quantitative research paradigm for another phase of the study. :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla >pnt1$@K@[aR1#e\oNcNmb0KF)ro;ccdtI-P=WlVo`m=" Km?OL\\M\$8#m;_7eLR&W)>e5:h_UfH(uSp[3H9+Br/C+D)N)pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o< p? /QO0EjoG+Xkiq*>fUsgCkBoh$u1?m0H[QGt? [Z_Y.bZrp$GR)sq#IeH$6>UaP7k [<3' <>stream
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";eVP2Jbqs:L5)eQ" MU;O5I3>mmfUg]^)Ng6E;bRn9'LCUrkfCT_b#ct*M5dJ2M9W$%Xj,+mXf9R%@P40? 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