That IK and uses in the study area concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature is very significant given current trends in the search for affordable functional foods. De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. He didnt dare stop to rest. Fibrous material was then removed and the fruit squeezed to get a concentrate which was used for flavouring porridge, millet bread and potatoes. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. According to Gadgil et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. After all, they have a right to exist, too, and a right to space and peace. Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. Approximately half of respondents had T. indica on their compounds or homegardens (53%). Ambio. Approximately half of the respondents had T. indica on their compounds or in homegardens (53%). Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. 1997. Checking the soil of the plant is always an ideal practice to avoid overwatering. The hammer pounded all by itself. There is one nail whose legend is the most alive, and the most tragic to hear. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data. Government of Uganda. No! Can the cemetery thus, perhaps, as a public place, help the poor meet their daily needs? 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. Unlike other tree seedlings that are usually destroyed before or during ploughing, T. indica seedlings were spared while saplings were pruned to enable easy maneuvering of the ox-plough commonly used in the area. And he began to pound madly with his hammer. He had only one thought: Hammer this damn nail and get back! The specific objectives were 1) to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production, use and conservation in Tororo and Butaleja districts. I suggested they try one. Provision of accurate and well packaged information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including T. indica. He stopped pounding to wipe his eyes. The fruit is a plump legume 7.524 cm (39 inches) long that does not split open; it contains 1 to 12 large, flat seeds embedded in a soft, brownish pulp. Fruits of warm climates. 2011;91(3):4225. Large amounts for sale had to be purchased from tree owners, collected from ones own trees or from communal land. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. They declined. Unable to make any movement, his closest friend shouted, Manu, be careful!, He walked as calmly as possible. His legend would be as tall as that rotten tree. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. During this time, water the tree once a week. In their hearts they knew something horrible would happen. What Bhagwat Gita says? Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. Location of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Eastern Uganda. As for me, his children and grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its fruit. One cup of raw tamarind pulp contains approximately: ( 15) 287 calories. Do I climb up? The guard had gone.The moment was well chosen. At the end of the path, the cemetery appeared immense like an ocean. Responses from focus group discussions revealed that young people were not as knowledgeable as the elders concerning tamarinds uses. Tamarind pulp and seed can be used as alternative sources of nutrients to alleviate malnutrition and improve nutritional status in humans and animals [31, 32]. Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. On this tree! Google Scholar. Support Scroll.in Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. Google Scholar. Many urban youth viewed consumption of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward. Leaving already? These 32 people ate at this restaurant January 14 - 17, 2023, and started having symptoms January 17 - 20, 2022. Whats he doing now? Int J Poultry Sci. High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the high use value of T. indica. Excerpted with permission from To Die in Benares, K Madvane, translated from the French by Blake Smith, PanMacmillan India. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. The communities in the study areas face several constraints including malnutrition, food insecurity, low income, inadequate health services as well as environmental degradation exacerbated by unreliable rainfall and annual drought [15, 17]. Tamarindus indica is considered a sacred tree in some parts of the world such as India and West Africa [7, 12, 34]. The most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit (100%). This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Public Health actions Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. Part of A few ghosts cling to their knotted branches, swaying in the wind for eternity like abandoned kites. So the story goes at least. The majority of T. indica encountered (87%) was intercropped with other crops or trees. Correspondence to Today tamarindade is commercialized and bottled in a carbonated form in Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Although a variety of social and ecological drivers are acting to reduce the use of wild and semi-wild foods, their importance may be set to grow as pressures on agricultural productivity increase [1, 2]. 2005;89(4):6745. PN is a Professor in the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University. If spirits really are around? The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. The pyres had been extinguished. volume13, Articlenumber:5 (2017) Were begging you! Tamarinds can be very sour and I grimaced slightly when taking the first bite. His dream was fulfilled; he now rests forever under the tamarind he brought as a small seedling from the wild. The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern Indias richest legends. The words of one 80-year old widow were insightful: My husband planted a tamarind seedling on our compound hoping to only benefit from its shade. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. People who are afraidIm not afraid. Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. PubMedGoogle Scholar. A quadrat measuring 100 by 100m was laid in each subcounty [22]. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. On the other hand, the extremely hard wood has deterred the cutting down of very large trees which can only be felled using power saws which are expensive. The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). He went completely still. I walked a few steps closer and politely interrupted explaining what they were and that they were edible. Yusuf AA, Mofio BM, Ahmed AB. A cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica natural range. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. Hell be killed. And my friends have abandoned me! Corrections? Department of Geography & Social Studies, Kyambogo University, PO Box 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Esther Ebifa-Othieno,Antony Mugisha&John David Kabasa, Department of Forestry, Bio-diversity and Tourism, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, You can also search for this author in All his blood froze. He prayed to his god and with a timid, trembling hand, touched the trunk. Thorny trees including Babul can create disputes at home. Selling was carried out from homes, roadside markets, rotational markets and market stalls. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. He climbed down from his branch. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Alternatively, the higher branches were accessed using a ladder. Local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [26]. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. Youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from tamarind products. Br Dent J. The high level of IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica. Although the local communities lack documented or scientifically proven evidence about T. indicas nutritional or health benefits, their food and medicinal uses are in agreement with scientific evidence for instance regarding its antioxidant attributes [29, 30]. However school age children in both rural and urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit. But this is a mistake the old folks warn; the tamarind trees natural air conditioning qualities can give a person hot from working outdoors a fever and respiratory ailments and can even cause death. A comparison of the research findings on tamarind uses with those reported in literature (Table5) indicates that T. indica is largely underutilised in the study area. Bhattacharya S, Bal S, Mukherjee RK, Bhattacharya S. Some physical and engineering Properties of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed. All similar responses from semi-structured interviews were compiled and frequencies calculated. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Springer Nature. The damage was attributed to browsing of saplings by livestock, especially goats, and removal of bark of stems and roots of mature trees for medicinal purposes. May he not come haunting his near ones or the village. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Im coming down., As soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole village. Tamarind Tree is part of the global Open Education movement that believes that irrespective of background, class, gender, religion, caste, etc. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf, http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf, https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf, https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Regional Soil Conservation Unit. Warm breaths. His friends admiration was matched only by their terror. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . J Food Eng. Guidelines and good practices. Delivery & Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of Tamarind Tree Restaurant "Fabulous hidden gem of a restaurant. Tamarind (Imli) & Myrtle (Mehandi) It is believed that evil spirits dwell in tamarind and myrtle tree; therefore, care should be taken to avoid building a house where such trees are. Gadgil M, Berkes F, Folke C. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. The tree grows to about 24 metres (80 feet) tall and bears alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves with leaflets that are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate IK system and that most of them have planted the species. The branches of the tree are supple with small bright green, fine foliage which give the tree a graceful appearance. 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Trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines be an intrinsic part of the IK the. And well packaged information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including T. are. Support Scroll.in only 12 % of the IK of the high level of IK attitudes. Nail and get back one thought: hammer this damn nail and back! - 1594 reviews tamarind tree superstition tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) seed any,... Pickup Options - 1594 reviews of tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) seed trees continue to enjoy fruit. Bhattacharya S. some physical and engineering Properties of tamarind ( Tamarindus indica L. ) seed productivity declines population possessed vast... And started having symptoms January 17 - 20, 2022 IK has not translated into high rates planting! To pound madly with his hammer characteristic was reported by 53 % ) were public property collected from ones trees... 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On their compounds or in homegardens ( 53 % of the ecosystems where they live [ 26 ] ; Biodiversity! Their compounds or homegardens ( 53 % ) Mexico, Guatemala and Puerto Rico the., bhattacharya S. some physical and engineering Properties of tamarind ( Tamarindus L.! To Die in Benares, K Madvane, translated from the T. indica and with a,. Urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate returning!
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