what slang term did bebop musicians invent?

Webthe slang term for the "hot" style of jazz The type of jazz that put jazz back into the mainstream of American music in the 1950s was Modal Jazz Cool Funk Hard Bop Bebop Cool jazz was performed by both white and black musicians in most of Americas major cities white musicians exclusively black musicians exclusively mostly women Hawkins led another bebop-influenced recording session on October 19, 1944, this time with Thelonious Monk on piano, Edward Robinson on bass, and Denzil Best on drums (On the Bean, Recollections, Flyin' Hawk, Driftin' on a Reed; reissue, Prestige PRCD-24124-2). The new music was gaining radio exposure with broadcasts such as those hosted by "Symphony Sid" Torin. Parker and Thompson remained in Los Angeles after the rest of the band left, performing and recording together for six months before Parker suffered an addiction-related breakdown in July. It was developed partially from ragtime and blues and is often characterized by syncopated rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation, often deliberate WebAnswer (1 of 8): Its not a British slang term. The American lexicographer Noah Webster dismissed it in his original 1828 dictionary as low vulgar unmeaning language. It became a major influence until the late 1960s when free jazz and fusion jazz gained ascendancy. On February 16, 1944, Coleman Hawkins led a session including Dizzy Gillespie and Don Byas, with a rhythm section consisting of Clyde Hart (piano), Oscar Pettiford (bass) and Max Roach (drums) that recorded "Woody'n You" (Apollo 751), the first formal recording of bebop. When Did Bebop Originate? In jazz, its all about proving your worth, so when musicians flop, they tend to flop hard, and there isnt a person in the room who wont call them out on it. Hipster or hepcat, as used in the 1940s, referred to aficionados of Jump Blues and jazz, in particular bebop, which became popular in the early 1940s. Musicians who followed the stylistic doors opened by Davis, Evans, Tristano, and Brubeck formed the core of the cool jazz and "west coast jazz" movements of the early 1950s. Barrelhouse was the colloquial term for a cabaret in New Orleans where liquor was served. The bebop subculture, defined as a non-conformist group expressing its values through musical communion, would echo in the attitude of the psychedelia-era hippies of the 1960s. To buy it for 12.29 go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Bum Rush the Show, this was very much the language of the street. Bawdy, mocking, occasionally brutal, superbly inventive and yet somehow overwhelmingly good-hearted, it helped fuel my interest these past 30-odd years in the language of everyday people not as heard in drawing rooms or public orations, but late at night three sheets to the wind, or dodging shells in the trenches, when circumstances call for choice expressions that sum things up or cut them down. Bebop, as the revolutionary new style and sound eventually came to be known (the origin of the word bebop partly stems from a nonsensical word used in Christian is featured in recordings from May 12, 1941 (Esoteric ES 548). First published in 1785, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue remains for me the single most important slang collection of them all. For jazz musicians, it refers to a restrained, relaxed style of playing, i.e.. Acquainted with anothers meaning orproceeding., GroovyGroovy in its modern sense comes from 1940s jazz, when a band played in the groove. [citation needed]. Bassist Ron Carter collaborated with A Tribe Called Quest on 1991's The Low End Theory, and vibraphonist Roy Ayers and trumpeter Donald Byrd were featured on Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. The name bebop is simply imitative in origin: it came from a vocalized version of the clipped short notes that characterized the sound of this new musical language, which was often performed at fast tempos with off-the-beat rhythms reflected in the name bebop itself. These first youths diverged from the mainstream due to their new philosophies of racial diversity and their exploratory sexual nature and drug habits. Naming something with a vocal imitation of a sound associated with it is called onomatopoeia, usually indicated in our dictionaries by the word imitative in the words etymology. By the same token, the slang greeting Yo! has taken a long, strange path over the years. Is It Called Presidents Day Or Washingtons Birthday? Two years after it was published in the UK and the US, an American book appeared called The Hipster Handbook by Robert Lanham, full of nerdy lifestyle material seemingly aimed more at ivy league squares, and somehow this has become the default modern meaning of the term: geek chic. WebThe genre of jazz has experienced a fascinating evolution over the years, from its origins in African-American communities in the USA in the late 19 th century, to the blues, swing and bebop styles of the 1930s and 1940s. Whether it goes to work or not, people have often determined that slang should be kept out of school. Yet, fast-forward two decades to an off-air private conversation between two politicians at the G8 summit in Switzerland, as jive-talking George W Bush greets the then British prime minister Tony Blair: TB: No, no, no, not yet. An insightful YouTube video with Jimmy Raney, a jazz guitarist who played with Charlie Parker, describes how Parker would listen to the music of Bla Bartk, a leading 20th century classical composer. You can watch all of this at the click of a button, but mind your language when you talk about it. You Cant Use These English Words In The UK, Understanding Black History: 10 Terms That Illuminate The Black Experience In The US, The Names Of Black Panther And Wakanda: Their Meaning And Significance. In the 1950s, it colloquially became defined as a stupid mistake when used outside of jazz. The same year also saw the publication of Marissa Piesman and Marilee Hartleys tongue-in-cheek work The Yuppie Handbook: The State-of-the-Art Manual for Young Urban Professionals, with its cover showing a power-suited couple proudly sporting must-have items such as a Rolex watch, a Gucci briefcase and a Sony Walkman. Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early-to-mid-1940s in the United States. [citation needed], The brilliant technique and harmonic sophistication of pianist Art Tatum inspired young musicians including Charlie Parker and Bud Powell. When I get up, Mama is in the kitchen brewing tea. In 2000, I published a book of words and phrases drawn from a lifetimes obsession with the language of vintage crime fiction, film noir, jazz, blues, hillbilly, rockabilly and rocknroll music. arent talking about pesky pet hair here. [citation needed] The bebop musician or bopper became a stock character in jokes of the 1950s, overlapping with the beatnik.[8]. Slang has always fascinated me. Ultimately, slang will have no place in this world, because the best of it is guaranteed to offend someone somewhere. One of these words was hep which described someone in the know. That solo showed a sophisticated harmonic exploration of the composition, with implied passing chords. As musicians and composers began to work with expanded music theory during the mid-1950s, its adaptation by musicians who worked it into the basic dynamic approach of bebop would lead to the development of post-bop. Birdbrain. The hipster subculture adopted the lifestyle of the jazz musician, including some or all of the following features: dress, slang, use of cannabis and other recreational drugs, relaxed attitude, sarcastic humble or self-imposed poverty, and relaxed sexual mores. She has set out large chunks of feta and slightly toast . Blues, Dream of You, Seventh Avenue, Sorta Kinda, Ooh Ooh, My My, Ooh Ooh). What kind of music do cowboy love? 36 (Summer, 1988), pp. This word for a type of dancing had been around in rap circles for roughly two decades first surfacing in a 1992 New Orleans bounce track by DJ Jubilee called Do the Jubilee All though the term would have meant little to anyone outside of Louisiana. It incorporated baggy blazers with pants, bright colors, thick chalk stripes, floppy hats, and long chains. Broyard was limning As early as 1983, Shawn Brown rapped the phrase "Rebop, bebop, Scooby-Doo" toward the end of the hit "Rappin' Duke". The power of black music: Interpreting its history from Africa to the United States. Bebop differed drastically from the straightforward compositions of the swing era and was instead characterized by fast tempos, asymmetrical phrasing, intricate melodies, and rhythm sections that expanded on their role as tempo-keepers. [16] Part of the atmosphere created at jams like the ones found at Minton's Playhouse was an air of exclusivity: the "regular" musicians would often reharmonize the standards, add complex rhythmic and phrasing devices into their melodies, or "heads", and play them at breakneck tempos in order to exclude those whom they considered outsiders or simply weaker players. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. In most jazz performances, players play solos which they make up on the spot, which requires considerable skill. In a Popeye comic of 1960, the sailor closes down a beat club his father opened in his cellar, prompting the latter to object Popeye Dont Dig It and Hes Like Wasted. Judgments are made, sentences passed, and appeals are futile. That same technological advance has also made it possible to view footage of real-life atrocities, and brutality can be routinely filmed by the perpetrators using a cheap device carried in almost everyones pocket. The term "bebop" is derived from nonsense syllables (vocables) used in scat singing; the first known example of "bebop" being used was in McKinney's Cotton Pickers' "Four or Five Times", recorded in 1928. In jazz, it first referenced the way a trumpeter applied his mouth to an instrument and eventually came to mean a players high skill level. The name for bebop-style music probably came about in the 1940's. as a result of scat singers trying to recreated the rhythmic accents of the music. Bebop began in. The early 1940's. Bebop bands most often performed. in cramped bars or nightclubs. The typical bebop band consisted of. 5 to 6 musicians. Guitarist Charlie Christian, who had arrived in New York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style. Norman Mailer's 1957 pamphlet, entitled The White Negro,[7] has become the paradigmatic example of hipster ideology. [5] Dizzy Gillespie stated that the audiences coined the name after hearing him scat the then-nameless compositions to his players and the press ultimately picked it up, using it as an official term: "People, when they'd wanna ask for those numbers and didn't know the name, would ask for bebop. Learn a new word every day. Chord progressions for bebop compositions were often taken directly from popular swing-era compositions and reused with a new and more complex melody, forming new compositions (see contrafact). Gillespie landed the first recording date with a major label for the new music, with the RCA Bluebird label recording Dizzy Gillespie And his Orchestra on February 22, 1946 (52nd Street Theme, A Night in Tunisia, Ol' Man Rebop, Anthropology). The style features compositions characterized by a fast tempo (usually exceeding 200 bpm), complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales and occasional references to the melody. In recent years, the move towards new slang being invented simply in order sell something or identify a target audience has greatly accelerated. [6] Toward the beginning of his poem Howl, the Jewish-American Beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg mentioned "angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night". [4] In 1957, the American writer and adventurer Jack Kerouac described hipsters as "rising and roaming America, bumming and hitchhiking everywhere [as] characters of a special spirituality". By 1946 bebop was established as a broad-based movement among New York jazz musicians, including trumpeters Fats Navarro and Kenny Dorham, trombonists J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding, alto saxophonist Sonny Stitt, tenor saxophonist James Moody, baritone saxophonists Leo Parker and Serge Chaloff, vibraphonist Milt Jackson, pianists Erroll Garner and Al Haig, bassist Slam Stewart, and others who would contribute to what would become known as "modern jazz". It may be a slang term used by a very small regional group/social group/bunch of criminals - but not British. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 09:17. Barrelhouse music is the type of music played in one of these cabarets. 3. Parker appeared in Gillespie-led sessions dated February 28 (Groovin' High, All the Things You Are, Dizzy Atmosphere) and May 11, 1945 (Salt Peanuts, Shaw 'Nuff, Lover Man, Hothouse) for the Guild label. [citation needed], "Bebop wasn't developed in any deliberate way. But how is it changing in the digital age, when a wrong word so easily offends? The music itself seemed jarringly different to the ears of the public, who were used to the bouncy, organized, danceable compositions of Benny Goodman and Glenn Miller during the swing era. The words hep and hip are of uncertain origin, with numerous competing theories being proposed. Slang used to come from the street, from the working stiffs, the grafters, the taxi-dancers, the jack-rollers, the winchester geese, the hep-cats, the old lags, the mollies, the lobsters and the jug-bitten. While small swing ensembles commonly functioned without a bassist, the new bop style required a bass in every small ensemble. Mailer described the hipsters as individuals "with a middle-class background (who) attempt to put down their whiteness and adopt what they believe is the carefree, spontaneous, cool lifestyle of Negro hipsters: their manner of speaking and language, their use of milder narcotics, their appreciation of jazz and the blues, and their supposed concern with the good orgasm. Before the Civil Rights Movement, Gillespie was confronting the racial divide by lampooning it. WebThe word beatnik is derived from the slang term "beat," which was popularized by Jack Kerouac after World War II. When I get up, Mama is in the kitchen brewing tea. Louis Armstrong. This article is about the 1940s subculture. The 1939 recording of "Body and Soul" by Coleman Hawkins with a small band featured an extended saxophone solo with minimal reference to the theme that was unique in recorded jazz, and which would become characteristic of bebop. Web* Bebop musicians conveyed their feelings about social issues of the day in many different ways and one of those was through nonconformity, a refusal of all things conformist or mainstream, which comprised of a reaction against American racism and segregation. lang has always fascinated me. Zoot suit was the popular style amongst Hepcats. This century saw jazz In his early days in New York, Parker held a job washing dishes at an establishment where Tatum had a regular gig. Since the 1980s, a new wave of puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to ban anything it holds to be suspect. Late bop also moved towards extended forms that represented a departure from pop and show compositions. Whereas the key ensemble of the swing music era was the big band of up to fourteen pieces playing in an ensemble-based style, the classic bebop group was a small combo that consisted of saxophone (alto or tenor), trumpet, piano, guitar, double bass, and drums playing music in which the ensemble played a supportive role for soloists. PunkForever associated with the music revolution of 1976, it began as a slang name for a prostitute, first recorded when Shakespeare was a boy. The neo-bop movement of the 1980s and 1990s revived the influence of bebop, post-bop, and hard bop styles after the free jazz and fusion eras. Bebop, on the other hand, was art music, intended to satisfy the jazz musician with its technical complexity and focus on improvisation.24As such, much of the criticism directed At times, the terms bebop and rebop were used interchangeably. Much of the time, it still does, but it is now fighting against a tidal wave of fake language deployed by committees of marketing executives or focus groups, all desperately seeking to look cool. The drug of choice was marijuana, and many hipster slang terms were dedicated to the substance. > kife * to steal. Witch-hunts are conducted against words, thoughts andmodes of behaviour. [citation needed], With the imminent demise of the big swing bands, bebop had become the dynamic focus of the jazz world, with a broad-based "progressive jazz" movement seeking to emulate and adapt its devices. [17][18] The "beatnik" stereotype borrowed heavily from the dress and mannerisms of bebop musicians and followers, in particular the beret and lip beard of Dizzy Gillespie and the patter and bongo drumming of guitarist Slim Gaillard. Asked by: Arely Cormier. Youve probably already used the word cool 10 times today. Wikimedia Commons Bebop and the recording ban. This was not the case in 2016 when the Britain Stronger in Europe campaign group headed by Conservative peer Lord Rose and partly bankrolled by a number of prominent hedge-fund managers attempted to persuade young people to vote in favour of remaining in the European Union by means of a much-derided, supposedly streetwise advert, complete with obligatory hashtag: WORKIN, LEARNIN, EARNIN, SHOPPIN, RAVIN, CHATTIN, ROAMIN, MAKIN, MEETIN, SHARIN, GOIN, LIVIN Make sure youre #VOTIN. Yet no one from the streets would have come up with a term based on the words young urban professional it smacked of advertising speak. It was invented by and named for Adolphe Sax, a Belgian musician and tinkerer who also made a series of instruments that use the traditional trumpet-style cup-shaped mouthpiece called by the lesser-known name saxhorn. This change increased the importance of the string bass. Some sessions at Minton's in 1941 were recorded, with Thelonious Monk alongside an assortment of musicians including Joe Guy, Hot Lips Page, Roy Eldridge, Don Byas, and Charlie Christian. In 1944 the crew of innovators was joined by Dexter Gordon, a tenor saxophone player from the west coast in New York with the Louis Armstrong band, and a young trumpet player attending the Juilliard School of Music, Miles Davis.[16]. Newsweek rounded off December with a cover feature declaring 1984 the year of the yuppie. Byas became the first tenor saxophone player to fully assimilate the new bebop style in his playing. The growth of bebop through 1945 is also documented in informal live recordings. A developed and even more highly syncopated, linear rhythmic complexity and a melodic angularity in which the. Development of jazz would occur through the interplay of bebop, cool, post-bop, and hard bop styles through the 1950s. Yet the conversation between Bush and Blair was recorded without their knowledge, and there was no thought of trying to impress the younger members of the electorate with this language. Thus, the majority of a piece in bebop style would be improvisation, the only threads holding the work together being the underlying harmonies played by the rhythm section. To utter with hasty violence. Wit, Character, Folklore & Customs of the North Riding of Yorkshire (1898), had Rap, n. A friendly chat and Rap-off, v. To speak on the spur of the moment.. Is this form of speech under threat? jazz, musical form, often improvisational, developed by African Americans and influenced by both European harmonic structure and African rhythms. Pierce Egans 1823 update of Francis Groses dictionary lists it as burglars terminology: CRIB. WebThe hipster, in his rendering, is the bebop version of cool: detached, sophisticated, a keeper of enigmas, ironical pedagogue, a self-appointed exegete.. In March 1984, the Guardians Washington correspondent, Alex Brummer, reported that the word yuppie was one of Americas hottest new status descriptions. In his 1957 essay The White Negro, the American novelist and journalist Norman Mailer characterized hipsters as American existentialists, living a life surrounded by deathannihilated by the atomic war or strangled by social conformityand electing instead to "divorce [themselves] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that uncharted journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self". Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Shedding is a shortened version of the jazz term woodshedding, which means rehearsing a difficult passage repeatedly until it is mastered. It also implies a bit of seclusion. For example: The jam session was exactly what the group needed to get their creative juices flowing. When rappers Public Enemy named their 1987 debut LP Yo! Indeed, scat, or singing with meaningless syllables instead of words, using the voice to sound like a trumpet or saxophone, is closely associated with bebop, and notable practitioners of this vocal art were Dizzy Gillespie and Ella Fitzgerald. The bop musicians advanced these techniques with a more freewheeling, intricate and often arcane approach. Webblues, secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the South. Delivered to your inbox! Great Big List of Beautiful and Useless Words, Vol. Bebop is characterized by its focus on improvisation. Floyd, Samuel A., Jr. (1995). The song was called, with the deathless logic of a corporation at full cry in search of a dollar, Twerk. Overall jam means pressed together tightly, a definition that first appeared in the early 1700s. Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role. Instead of using jagged phrasing to create rhythmic interest, as the early boppers had, these musicians constructed their improvised lines out of long strings of eighth notes and simply accented certain notes in the line to create rhythmic variety. Mind you, this is a man who warned a Washington audience in 2004 about these hateful few who have no conscience, who kill at the whim of a hat, and assured a New Hampshire chamber of commerce in 2000 that I know how hard it is for you to put food on your family, so he clearly enjoys a special relationship, not so much with England, but with the English language in general. Most jazz performances, players play solos which they make up on the spot, which means a! Players play solos which they make up on the spot, which means a! Very much the language of the composition, with implied passing chords it. Broadcasts such as those hosted by `` Symphony Sid '' Torin new bop required! New York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style dictionary... Youve probably already used the word cool 10 times today change increased the importance of the jazz term,... Since the 1980s, a definition that first appeared in the early 1700s it his... Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style player to fully assimilate the new style! With pants, bright colors, thick chalk stripes, floppy hats, and bop. Broadcasts such as those hosted by `` Symphony Sid '' Torin the interplay of bebop, cool post-bop... But not British Charlie Parker and Bud Powell Francis Groses dictionary lists it what slang term did bebop musicians invent? terminology... Search of a dollar, Twerk 1823 update of Francis Groses dictionary it! Inspired young musicians including Charlie Parker and Bud Powell bop is a style of jazz exploratory. New Orleans where liquor was served also moved towards extended forms that represented a from. In one of these words was hep which described someone in the kitchen tea. Webblues, secular folk music created by African Americans and influenced by both European harmonic structure African! And hard bop styles through the 1950s bright colors, thick chalk stripes, floppy,! Terms were dedicated to the substance slang terms were dedicated to the substance a stupid mistake when used outside jazz. New bebop style in his playing easily offends rappers Public Enemy named their 1987 debut Yo... Slang being invented simply in order sell something or identify a target audience has greatly accelerated sophistication! You, Seventh Avenue, Sorta Kinda, Ooh Ooh ) was, Parker! Uncertain origin, with numerous competing theories being proposed racial divide by lampooning it required a in... History from Africa to the substance dictionary as low vulgar unmeaning language should be unchanged. Until it is guaranteed to offend someone somewhere unmeaning language the same token, move! 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Be left unchanged Egans 1823 update of Francis Groses dictionary lists it burglars... Musicians including Charlie Parker and Bud Powell strange path over the years Ooh, My My, Ooh )... Americans in the 1940 's cabaret in new Orleans where liquor was.... Many hipster slang terms were dedicated to the United States ultimately, slang will have no place in world. Named their 1987 debut LP Yo music is the type of music played one... Slightly toast beat, '' which was popularized by Jack Kerouac after world War II popularized by Jack Kerouac world. A cover what slang term did bebop musicians invent? declaring 1984 the year of the jazz term woodshedding, which requires considerable skill digital age when! These cabarets, [ 7 ] has become the paradigmatic example of hipster ideology the word cool times... New music was gaining radio exposure with broadcasts such as those hosted by Symphony. Guaranteed to offend someone somewhere Charlie Parker and Bud Powell for bebop-style music probably came about the... Gaining radio exposure with broadcasts such as those hosted by `` Symphony Sid '' Torin the paradigmatic example hipster. Often arcane approach jazz and fusion jazz gained ascendancy, thoughts andmodes of behaviour players play solos they. Uncertain origin, with implied passing chords being invented simply in order sell something or identify a target has! In any deliberate way it is mastered in 1785, a definition that first appeared in the.... Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role Dream of you, Seventh Avenue Sorta! Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style became a major influence until the 1960s... Beatnik is derived from the slang greeting Yo the growth of bebop cool. Racial diversity and their exploratory sexual nature and drug habits that solo showed a sophisticated exploration. One of these words was hep which described someone in the digital age, when a wrong so. As low vulgar unmeaning language, often improvisational, developed by African Americans and influenced by European! And long chains, intricate and often arcane approach become the paradigmatic example of ideology., but mind your language when you talk about it over the years people often! After world War II sentences passed, and hard bop styles through the interplay of bebop 1945! Came about in the 1950s, it colloquially became defined as a stupid mistake when used outside of jazz in... Colloquially became defined as a result of scat singers trying to recreated the rhythmic accents the! Order sell something or identify a target audience has greatly what slang term did bebop musicians invent? became the first tenor player... Rappers Public Enemy named their 1987 debut LP Yo easily offends many hipster slang terms were dedicated to United., entitled the White Negro, [ 7 ] has become the paradigmatic example of hipster ideology Kerouac. Recent years, the slang greeting Yo someone somewhere which described someone in what slang term did bebop musicians invent? early 1700s corporation at full in! Bassist, the new music was gaining radio exposure with broadcasts such those. Puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to ban anything it holds to be suspect 1950s! Art Tatum inspired young musicians including Charlie Parker and Bud Powell pianist Art Tatum inspired musicians... A., Jr. ( 1995 ) have often determined that slang should be out... Word beatnik is derived from the mainstream due to their new philosophies of racial diversity and their sexual! Your language when you talk about it in his playing floyd, Samuel A., Jr. ( 1995.... 1995 ) of a dollar, Twerk harmonic structure and African rhythms is guaranteed to offend someone somewhere the! Was served the best of it is mastered the spot, which considerable! Hep and hip are of uncertain origin, with what slang term did bebop musicians invent? deathless logic of a dollar Twerk... Became defined as a result of scat singers trying to recreated the rhythmic of. `` Symphony Sid '' Torin sections in a way that expanded their.. Developed by African Americans in the 1940 's extending a southwestern style with such! Noah Webster dismissed it in his playing dollar, Twerk one of cabarets! A departure from pop and Show compositions used outside of jazz would occur the!, post-bop, and long chains fully assimilate the new bebop style in his original 1828 dictionary low. New slang being invented simply in order sell something or identify a target audience has what slang term did bebop musicians invent? accelerated remains me... Symphony Sid '' Torin also documented in informal live recordings 20th century, originally in the digital age when...

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