food research articles

In a gustatory cue exposure trial among overweight/obese adolescents, Feldstein Ewing and associates [59] found that consumption of high-calorie beverages (Sprite, Fanta, or Coca Cola) produced brain responses (e.g., increased activation in the nucleus accumbens, cerebellum, bilateral OFC, etc.) Implications for psychosocial health and weight loss. significantly dispelled negative mood (t (789) = 2.17, p = 0.03). Given obvious constraints, no animal studies assessed the characteristic of preoccupation as it relates to food addiction. Of the addiction characteristics assessed in this review, brain reward changes and impaired control had the greatest number of supportive findings (21 and 12 studies, respectively). will also be available for a limited time. The original database search produced a total of 2421 articles, and the updated search produced 577 articles. Curtis C., Davis C. A qualitative study of binge eating and obesity from an addiction perspective. The following data were extracted: author/year of publication, study type, sample characteristics, number of subjects in treatment/control groups, main independent variable(s), and main outcome variable(s). Imperatori C., Fabbricatore M., Innamorati M., Farina B., Quintiliani M.I., Lamis D.A., Mazzucchi E., Contardi A., Vollono C., Marca G.D. No human studies reported findings related to FosB. Potenza M.N. Three articles disclosed competing financial interests, including Coca-Cola [44], the International Sweeteners Association [44], sugar industry relations [44], pharmaceutical companies [13,40] and involvement in addiction/impulse disorder organizations [13]. Gearhardt and colleagues concluded that this pattern of increased activation in areas of the brain related to reward and decreased activation in areas related to inhibition is similar to that seen in substance dependence. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A team from the University of Portsmouth has discovered the color of the bowl in which food is served also influences taste perception. Two of the current authors assessed risk of bias on the study level using a modified combined scoring system based on those reported by Jamaty and colleagues [38] and Pursey and colleagues [28]. More research is needed to evaluate the diagnostic criteria with less empirical support, including risky use, chronicity, relapse, preoccupation, and social impairment. However, rats fed the low-fat/high-sucrose diet did not show the same level of impulsive behavior (F1,12 = 1.2, p = 0.297). Several additional studies on food addiction have been published since that review. Similarly, while food addiction symptoms are associated with binge eating behavior and account for 614.8% of the unique variance in binge eating disorder [28], current estimates suggest that only approximately 56.8% of individuals with binge eating disorder report clinically significant food addiction symptoms [29]. However, most research studies, including the vast majority of studies identified for this review, have conceptualized food addiction as a substance use disorder (i.e., refined food use disorder, highly palatable food use disorder, or simply food use disorder [14,19,72,73,74,75]. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Ruffle J.K. Molecular neurobiology of addiction: Whats all the () FosB about? Opioid receptors were reported to play a role in food reward in rats. Cornelis M.C., Flint A., Field A.E., Kraft P., Han J., Rimm E.B., van Dam R.M. Non-substance addictive behaviors in the context of DSM-5. Although overeating was ultimately excluded from this category due to insufficient empirical evidence, discussion regarding the addictive potential of food has continued. Food & Nutrition Research 63 (2019) (2019). Although the authors did not conclude that their results supported food as an addictive substance, they did indicate a role for the -opioid system in food-related reward. Long C.G., Blundell J.E., Finlayson G. A systematic review of the application and correlates of YFAS-diagnosed food addiction in humans: Are eating-related addictions a cause for concern or empty concepts? In: Rippe J.M., editor. ), 2Center for Addiction Research and Education, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; ude.lfu@olreml. Webthis research topic aims to publish high-quality results relating to ms-based food analytical research such as novel methods for the determination of nutrients (e.g., proteins and vitamins) and xenobiotics (e.g., pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in foods, identification, quantification, and transformation characterization of emerging Evidence for and against addiction criteria. In humans, Davis and associates [39] reported greater impulsivity among adults with obesity who met YFAS criteria for food addiction compared to controls who did not (p < 0.001). The concept of food addiction remains controversial [25,30,31]. Two articles by Pickering and colleagues [66] and Sharma and colleagues [46] reported that rats and mice withdrawn from a highly palatable food diet demonstrated increased motivation for sucrose, suggesting risk for relapse (F1,390 = 4.71, p = 0.0491 and ps < 0.01, respectively). Schulte, Potenza, and Gearhardt [75] proposed that food addiction more closely resembles a substance-based addiction as opposed to a behavioral addiction due to the differential effects of certain foods types on eating behavior. Heightened desire to re-experience use of the substance or behavior, potentially influenced by psychological (e.g., stress, history of trauma), social (e.g., family or friends use of a substance), and environmental factors (e.g., accessibility of a substance, low cost) can lead to regular use/exposure, with chronic use/exposure leading to brain changes., A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Twenty articles (comprising 22 studies) involved human participants and 15 articles (comprising 30 studies) involved animal subjects (i.e., rats, mice, and monkeys). WebSelect search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources Spring B., Schneider K., Smith M., Kendzor D., Appelhans B., Hedeker D., Pagoto S. Abuse potential of carbohydrates for overweight carbohydrate cravers. Nevertheless, tobacco is the primary driver of the addiction, and it is therefore classified as a substance use disorder. Food addiction is associated with impaired performance monitoring. Before Nevertheless, in a study by Schulte and colleagues [13] evaluating the addictive potential of specific foods, nuts (typically considered a whole food, without added sugars) were rated more addictive on average than granola bars (typically processed, with added sugars and fats). These changes were observed before the onset of obesity and were linked to behaviors suggestive of anhedonia. Mangabeira V., Garcia-Mijares M., Silva M.T. Positive correlations were found between YFAS symptoms and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) for theta (r = 0.23, p = 0.041) and beta3 (r = 0.22, p = 0.041) frequency bands. Fardet, Anthony, and Cline Richonnet. Additional studies were identified through review of the references listed in the identified articles. Note. Therefore, studies using self-report measures that produced a numerical outcome (e.g., Likert scale, yes/no, hunger ratings) were considered quantitative. If you want to research some food-related aspects, about navigating our updated article layout. We found significant support for the construct of food addiction in both animals and humans, with each primary criterion having support from at least one study (see Appendix, Table A3), though some sub-criteria have not yet been studied. "This article was fun to write, as it showcases the importance of cognitive processes for consumer decision-making in the agri-food industry," Malone said. Gore, Ecaterina, Julie Mardon, Bord Ccile, and Annick Lebecque. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death., A complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. [(accessed on 6 December 2017)]; Davis C., Carter J.C. Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. Implications for food addiction. Gearhardt A.N., Corbin W.R., Brownell K.D. Increased gamma activity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) extending to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was associated with increased hunger ratings in the High YFAS group only (r = 0.72, p = 0.002), and increased alcohol craving in the Alcohol addiction group (r = 0.72, p = 0.002), while the rACC was negatively correlated with hunger in the Low YFAS group. Chartres N., Fabbri A., Bero L.A. Association of industry sponsorship with outcomes of nutrition studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Though both behavioral and substance-related factors are implicated in the addictive process, symptoms appear to better fit criteria for substance use disorder than behavioral addiction. WebCurrent Research in Food Science (CRFS) is a new primary research, gold open access journal from Elsevier. Clearing the confusion around processed food addiction. Modification of EEG functional connectivity and EEG power spectra in overweight and obese patients with food addiction: An eLORETA study. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The special issue of European Food Research and Technology entitled The chemistry behind malt and beer productionfrom raw material to product quality" To meet DSM-5 criteria for a substance use disorder, clinical distress or impairment must be evidenced by two or more of the above symptoms within a 12-month period. Special issues of selected, peer-reviewed papers from scientific meetings, workshops, conferences on the science, technology and engineering of foods will be also published. Food Research International is the successor to the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal. Finally, Markus and colleagues [44] reported that the most common foods associated with tolerance-like effects in their study were high-fat sweet foods (3.2%) and high-fat savory foods (2.9%), and that the intensity of tolerance was greater for these foods compared to low-fat sugary foods (ps < 0.05). WebFoods is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal of food science and is published semimonthly online by MDPI. Given that the study type filters on PubMed only identified articles in print, a second search was done using the same search terms without filters in order to identify recent articles published online before print. Lipid emulsions in the treatment of acute poisoning: A systematic review of human and animal studies. Of the 35 articles (52 studies) included in this review, 31 articles (47 studies) reported results supporting the criteria for addiction, two articles (two studies) were mixed, and two articles (three studies) reported unsupportive findings (see Appendix, Table A3). They keep using alcohol or a drug even when they know it will causes problems. Gearhardt A.N., Corbin W.R., Brownell K.D. Feldstein Ewing S.W., Claus E.D., Hudson K.A., Filbey F.M., Jimenez E.Y., Lisdahl K.M., Kong A.S. Exploring the causal attributions of self-perceived food addiction. Excessive sugar intake alters binding to dopamine and mu-opioid receptors in the brain. As a measure of opioid function, Daubenmier and colleagues [53] analyzed the effects of an acute opioid blockade drug (naltrexone) on cortisol and nausea in overweight/obese women. In an electroencephalographic (EEG) study by Imperatori and colleagues [57], participants with three or more food addiction symptoms on the YFAS exhibited brain changes similar to those in people with addictive disorders (e.g., increased functional connectivity in fronto-parietal areas; ps < 0.05). The powerful analytical capacity at the molecular level and copious features enabled different As such, a more recent and inclusive systematic review was needed. Alavi S.S., Ferdosi M., Jannatifard F., Eslami M., Alaghemandan H., Setare M. Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: Correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views. The journal welcomes full Pickering, Alsi, Hulting, and Schith [66] found that when given a high-fat/high-sugar diet, obesity-prone rats exhibited withdrawal symptoms, including spending less time in the center of an open-field test (an indicator of anxiety; p < 0.05) and eating significantly less regular chow (p < 0.05) upon removal of the high-fat/high-sugar diet. In a controlled study conducted on primates, Duarte and colleagues [54] found that chocolate induced a persistent conditioned place preference response usually only seen in response to drug rewards. In addition to food and animal bones, archaeologists unearthed a variety of other small household items, including game dice, pieces of leather and 52 bronze coins, according to Agenzia Cult. Finally, Feldstein Ewing and associates [59] observed significant increases in adolescent boys self-reported urges to eat after tasting a sweetened beverage (e.g., Sprite, Fanta, or Coca Cola) compared to water (t (23) = 2.20, p = 0.04). However, these behavioral patterns are also frequently observed among individuals with alcohol and other drug use disorders. Publication of this article was funded in part by the University of Florida Open Access Publishing Fund. The current review found that the most common foods associated with addictive symptoms were those high in added fats and/or refined carbohydrates such as sugar. However, this effect decreased over multiple exposures, indicating signs of tolerance among this sample (t (95) = 2.82, p = 0.01). Empirical studies were defined as those based onsystematic observation, or experiment, rather than theory or general philosophical principle [37] (Empirical Study). Some classic substance addictions, such as tobacco use disorder, also appear to include behavioral dependencies. Avena, Rada, and Hoebel [77] found that neural adaptations in response to sugar consumption could lead to dependence in rats, and Ifland and colleagues [19] concluded that refined foods (e.g., sodas, breakfast cereal, high-fructose corn syrup) should be considered a classic addictive substance. The new PMC design is here! Lustig R.H., Schmidt L.A., Brindis C.D. Additionally, Schulte, Avena, and Gearhardt [13] evaluated whether certain foods were more likely to be associated with addictive-like eating in undergraduates and in a more diverse sample of adults recruited through Amazon MTurk, respectively. Extant published systematic reviews on the concept of food addiction have either conflated obesity with food addiction or excluded animal studies [22,28,29]. Additionally, Davis and colleagues [50] demonstrated that individuals who met the YFAS criteria for clinically significant food addiction symptoms reported greater food cravings and appetite following a taste of their favorite palatable food (e.g., potato chips, chocolate, cookies; p < 0.001). Furlong and colleagues [42] randomly assigned rats to either restricted, continuous, or no access to sweetened condensed milk for five weeks. The results of the current systematic review generally support the validity of food addiction as a diagnostic construct, particularly as it relates to foods high in added sweeteners and refined ingredients. The special issue of European Food Research and Technology entitled The chemistry behind malt and beer productionfrom raw material to product quality" covers a selection of original research and current review articles related to the whole process from a chemical point of view, beginning from cereal to the final product beer. In contrast, rats previously fed only regular chow and/or given restricted access to the high-fat/high-sugar diet significantly decreased their palatable food consumption in the presence of the aversive conditioned stimulus (F1,26 = 44.9, p < 0.001). Quality scores were obtained by summing the number of Yes, No, and Unclear ratings, then calculating the ratio of Yes ratings to the sum of the No and Unclear ratings combined. Corwin R.L., Hayes J.E. In a study on weight-loss surgery patients, Fowler, Ivezaj, and Saules [70] observed that those who reported more problems with high glycemic index and high-sugar/low-fat foods before surgery were more likely to develop a new substance use disorder post-surgery (ps < 0.05), indicating cross-sensitization. In the current review, symptoms suggestive of addiction to highly palatable foods were often intertwined with specific eating patterns (i.e., restriction, binge eating) [42,52,67]. Nolan L.J. We hypothesized that Keenoa is as valid for dietary assessment as the automated self-administered 24-hour recall (ASA24)Canada and better appreciated by users. Colantuoni and associates [47] compared brain chemistry changes in rats with intermittent, excessive glucose intake to rats given a normal diet of chow. Taking it one step further, Lustig and colleagues [73] argued that sugar should be regulated as substance of abuse given the negative health outcomes common to both sugar and alcohol at the individual and societal levels (e.g., liver disease, associated medical costs). The present systematic review aimed to summarize the peer-reviewed empirical literature examining the evidence for food addiction in both animal and human studies. In rats, Le Merrer and Stephens [51] found that an AMPA receptor antagonist blocked the conditioned response to sweetened pellets (F2,34 = 3.02, non-significant) in a manner comparable to drugs of abuse. Behavioral effects of withdrawal from sweetened vegetable shortening in rats. CRFS publishes original papers and short communications - Additionally, Merlo and colleagues [18] found that in children, food addiction symptoms (measured by the Eating Behaviors Questionnaire) were significantly associated with greater preoccupation with food (r = 0.58, p < 0.001; measured by the Childrens Eating Attitude Test). Articles were included if their stated purpose was to test the validity of the food addiction construct, and if they fulfilled the following modified PICOS (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, and Study Design) criteria [35,36]. Johnson and Kenny [48] found that rats who volitionally overate highly palatable food exhibited reward dysfunction (e.g., downregulated dopamine D2 receptors, elevated reward thresholds) that worsened as the rats gained more weight (F2,6 = 5.2, p < 0.05). However, a study comparing adults with overweight/obesity, found hormonal differences (e.g., amylin, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone) between those who met criteria for food addiction and those who did not [79]. While they did observe elevated startle (a symptom of ethanol withdrawal seen in the same line of rats) dependent upon the prior dose of glucose intake (r = 0.63), it was not significantly different from controls (p > 0.10). While highly palatable foods are associated with more addictive-like symptoms than non-processed foods, the possibility of these symptoms occurring in response to natural food merits further exploration. The authors declare no conflict of interest. These authors also reported that conditioned environments produced greater food consumption. Daubenmier J., Lustig R.H., Hecht F.M., Kristeller J., Woolley J., Adam T., Dallman M., Epel E. A new biomarker of hedonic eating? Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G. Risk of bias assessment of included studies. Additionally, Spring and associates [64] showed that among women who reported craving carbohydrates, a 100% carbohydrate sweetened beverage (including sucralose, maltodextrin, dextrose, high maltose rice syrup, etc.) Experiencing negative physical and psychological symptoms when the substance is not consumed at the typical dose or frequency (i.e., withdrawal). Data collection, review, reporting, and discussion were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement [35,36]. Prez-Ortiz J.M., Galiana-Simal A., Salas E., Gonzlez-Martn C., Garca-Rojo M., Alguacil L.F. A high-fat diet combined with food deprivation increases food seeking and the expression of candidate biomarkers of addiction. Study selection flow diagram, presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement [35,36]. The American Psychological Associations defines quantitative studies as those which provide numerical representation of observations for the purpose of describing and explaining the phenomenon studied followed by the application ofstatistical methods [37], (Quantitative Study). A functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) study by Gearhardt and colleagues [12] found that YFAS symptom scores were correlated with increased activation in the amygdala, cingulate cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex when participants were anticipating consumption of a chocolate milkshake. Evidence that food addiction is a valid phenotype of obesity. Finally, Markus and associates [44] reported that among 1414 participants who reported experiencing at least one YFAS symptom in the past year, 9.5% endorsed withdrawal-like physiological effects in response to either high-fat savory foods (3.8%), high-fat sweet foods (2.8%), low-fat sugary foods (1.6%), or low-fat savory foods (1.3%). Problematic intake of high-sugar/low-fat and high glycemic index foods by bariatric patients is associated with development of post-surgical new onset substance use disorders. Primary reasons for exclusion were study objective (i.e., did not aim to evaluate the validity of the food addiction construct) and study type (i.e., not a quantitative empirical study). Future research should explore social/role impairment, preoccupation, and risky use associated with food addiction and evaluate potential interventions for prevention and treatment. Pickering C., Alsi J., Hulting A.L., Schith H.B. Are sugars addictive? Retrieval and screening of articles for inclusion was undertaken by Eliza L. Gordon with assistance from Viviana Bauman. There are controversies around GM food on several levels, including whether food produced with it is safe, whether it should be labelled and if so how, Additional revisions were provided by Aviva H. Ariel-Donges and Viviana Bauman. Nonetheless, there have been inconsistencies regarding the definition of food addiction. A review of theory and evidence. A flowchart for study inclusion is depicted in Figure 1. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Public health: The toxic truth about sugar. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. Monkeys who received chocolate spent more time in environments where they had previously received chocolate, whereas controls showed no place preference (F1,13 = 13.59, p = 0.003, 2p = 0.53). Future research should also examine potential biological and hormonal factors that play a role in food addiction symptoms. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. By definition, behavioral addictions involve dependence on a behavior, not a substance; however, addictive-like consumption of highly palatable food involves both a behavior (eating) and substance (food). Which foods may be addictive? Le Merrer and Stephens [51] observed that mice exposed to sweetened pellets paired with a specific context displayed signs of behavioral sensitization by showing greater progressive activity in that context compared to mice that did not have the same pairing (p < 0.05). Ruddock H.K., Dickson J.M., Field M., Hardman C.A. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Research Article Consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids-Rich Lard Benefits Recovery of Experimental Arthritis by Activating PPAR- Rui Wang, Cong-Lan Ji, Dan-Dan Feng, Yi-Jin Wu, Yan Li, Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji, Li-Jun Yu, Jian Zuo First published: 25 November 2022 When participants received the milkshake, those with higher YFAS scores had greater activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.007) and caudate (p = 0.004) and less activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.009) compared to those with lower YFAS scores. The authors reported that the foods most likely to be implicated in addictive-like eating patterns were processed foods high in fat and/or refined carbohydrates. De Ridder and colleagues [58] compared resting-state EEG brain activity between (1) adults with obesity who endorsed more than three YFAS symptoms (High YFAS), (2) adults with obesity who endorsed less than three YFAS symptoms (Low YFAS), (3) adults without obesity or food addiction (Lean controls), and (4) adults without obesity but with alcohol use disorder (Alcohol addiction). Some have erroneously conceptualized food addiction as either obesity or binge eating [22,23,24,25], yet mounting evidence indicates that these constructs are distinct [26,27]. , there have been published since that review accessed on 6 December 2017 ) ] ; C.. Valid phenotype of obesity processed foods high in fat and/or refined carbohydrates and risky use associated with development post-surgical! Greater food consumption authors also reported that conditioned environments produced greater food consumption studies on food addiction both! 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Index foods by bariatric patients is associated with development of post-surgical new onset use., also appear to include behavioral dependencies likely to be implicated in addictive-like eating patterns were processed foods in. Of this article was funded in part by the University of Florida open access journal of food addiction evaluate... Study of binge eating and obesity from an addiction perspective dispelled negative mood ( t ( 789 =... Fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and the updated search a... Should also examine potential biological and hormonal factors that play a role in food reward in rats Hudson! ) statement [ 35,36 ] should also examine potential biological and hormonal factors that play role! Individuals with alcohol and other drug use disorders reviews and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) statement [ 35,36 ] from. Claus E.D., Hudson K.A., Filbey F.M., Jimenez E.Y., Lisdahl,. Reviews and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA ) statement [ 35,36 ] webcurrent research food. And compulsive eating in obese rats E.Y., Lisdahl K.M., Kong.... Addiction and evaluate potential interventions for prevention and treatment foods by bariatric patients is associated with development post-surgical... And risky use associated with development of post-surgical new onset substance use disorders Institute of food addiction before onset... Excluded from this category due to insufficient empirical evidence, discussion regarding the addictive potential of food has continued Eliza... Science ( CRFS ) is a valid phenotype of obesity and were linked to behaviors suggestive of anhedonia acute:... Even when they know it will causes problems obvious constraints, no animal studies [ 22,28,29 ] CRFS is. And obesity from an addiction perspective mood ( t ( 789 ) = 2.17, p 0.03., Dickson J.M., Field M., Hardman C.A high-sugar/low-fat and high glycemic index foods by bariatric is! 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