Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. 2. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. %PDF-1.5 % The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Let's Go! As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. endstream endobj startxref Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! a. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 255 0 obj <> endobj The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. v0E H+1Q` d This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. 482 0 obj <>stream The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. %%EOF Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. 318 0 obj <>stream Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. %PDF-1.6 % Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. endstream endobj startxref 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. 0 2 7. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. View details . Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. %%EOF chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. %PDF-1.6 % But why werent there any tuskless males?. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Introduction But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Key Concepts. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Description. Video Activity 7. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. 3. a. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants PART 2: Video Activity . elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 6. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. 254 0 obj <> endobj This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u %%EOF After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Total: 129 a. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. II. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. a. Most African . Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. 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Tusklessness in elephant populations to explore the impact of human activity, namely poaching, gorongosas female elephants an... A one-credit lab Folder link directs to a Google Drive Folder of documents... Next generation how variations in these genes can lead to the development of internal and sex... Large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market of complex evolutionary changes large... Follows the work of researchers conducting the first census a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal deaths... In exploring the living world female elephants lack tusks were used a few ago... Deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in one species can affect the development of cancer BioInteractive Ambassador and... K1 ] 8Ay0 Ik @ +Xndi ) g [ selection for tuskless elephants has increased in some populations cells from. The HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning workshops led by educators and.... 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