is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant

Additionally, the more sun the plant receives, the more lush its blooms will be. All that was left was the nursery tag that stated deer resistant. Make a small cut that is close to the original growth. Produces bright red 3 inch leaves in spring and blushing, white flowers in mid-late spring. The purple leaf sand cherry needs to be watered regularly and is not drought tolerant. It's versatile and can be trained into either a single stem small tree form, or used as a natural shrub with lower branches. Like any plant, the purple leaf sand cherry can benefit from the added nutrients fertilizer provides, but it is by no means necessary if you have the proper soil conditions. "Ornamental" is certainly the perfect word for the Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (Prunus x cistena). Typically, one watering per week will suffice, but more may be necessary if you've recently transplanted it, are going through a period of hot, dry weather, or the plant is in its first season of growth. Panicle hydrangeas - or Hydrangea paniculata - are moderately fast-growing shrubs that are not favored by deer. The stems will be red brown to dark gray, and tend to ooze sap. Both issues with pests and diseases can cause the plant to experience an abbreviated lifespan of just 10 years or less. But, HUZZAH and HOORAY. Cold and ice is one thing, but when animal damage is spotted, it can be particularly demoralizing. We live inMN and have a Pagoda d Dogwood that the deer seem to love! As winter turns to spring, many gardeners are out inspecting their gardens, and all too often they are finding plants damaged by winter. Pendleton Ward created Adventure Time for Cartoon Network, an American fantasy animated television series. A double fence is also effective, if the two fences are far enough apart that they cant clear both at once, but narrow enough that they cant jump them singly. Leaves are reddish-purple throughout the summer and have serrated edges. We live a mile as the crow flies from an 800 acre conservation area..deer central. A smaller alternative to the purple leaf plum, AE AK AZ CA CO GU HI ID MT NV OR PR UT WA, 2" ovate-elliptical leaves with serrate margins. I was reading about deer browsing dogwood or serviceberry plants. The reddish-purple leaves hold their color during the growing season. It can be planted close to paved surfaces and near utility lines and can also be used as a deciduous hedge. Purple-Leaf Sand Cherrys edible parts: raw or cooked. What a show! Hardy shrub sports bright red leaves in spring, which turn red-purple in summer, maroon in fall. But add some new destruction for new home building that wipes out the food sources or even just disrupts the normal grazing paths, and they will fearful of starvation- take in extra foods wherever they find it. The Purple Leaf Sand Cherry, also sometimes just called "sand cherry" is a very popular, fast-growing, beautiful spring blooms and gorgeous purple-tinted color during nearly the entire growing season! This lovely shrub won't make your yard look like a fortress! Exposure: Purple Leaf Sand Cherry has bright reddish-purple leaves that turn bronze-green in the fall. that washes off at $25/jug on everything. A. I'd like to replace it but not sure with what. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. With occasional irrigation and pruning, you can expect year-round resiliency. We use FedEx, UPS, or USPS at our discretion. In summer, the leaves turn reddish-purple, and the shrub provides small purple fruits loved by songbirds. Its ideal for drought-resistant gardens. Plant database entry for Purple Leaf Sand Cherry (Prunus x cistena) with 35 images, one comment, and 31 data details. But its . The Purple Leaf Sand Cherry sports bright red leaves and dainty white-pink, fragrant flowers in spring. Deer-Resistant Hedges and Screens Arborvitae, also known as Thuja, is a popular evergreen for hedges, and conflicting reports are everywhere on how resistant to deer this plant actually is. They usually roam through our development at night. The spring flowers give way to purplish drupes that attract birds. Purple leaf sand cherry ( Prunus x cistena) is a member of the Rose family. Purpleleaf Sand Cherry. Copyright 2022 Green Living Solution, Inc. Smart Gardener is a registered trademark of Green Living Solution, Inc. All rights reserved. We planted a small red Cornus Kousa near my side yard. It is neither native nor introduced, the shrub is a cross-bred between two species One of them, Prunus pumila, is native to the northeastern United States. It prefers partial sun. 1. Image:Terry Spivey, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org. During dry, hot weather, water them every two to three weeks. The Sweet Cherry is perfect for planting near high-traffic areas, like patios, pools and beyond. Dig out a a few suckers using a trowel. Proper care can improve the overall health and vigor of the plant, enabling it to better fight off these problems. It seems, like groundhogs, rabbits, chipmunks and squirrels, deer hate strongly scented things. Q.A portion of my yard is left in a natural state that produces many daises annually. The groundhog family living under our porch slab was completely resistant to our attempts to get them to move on. Leaves grow to form a lovely mound of foliage. Purpleleaf Sand Cherry is a beautiful shrub with rich purple-red leaves. A. Purpleleaf sand cherries are susceptible to a variety of insect and disease problems. Place the pot in a bright location but away from direct sunlight. Variations in size may occur. We have researched, studied and selected plants and trees that are so-called deer resistant. Plant or Animal Product Type: Tree: Indoor/Outdoor Usage: Outdoor: Brand: Grower's Solution: Wait for at least one month, or until you see a good amount of new growth, before transplanting it in garden soil. It has such a wonderful look, it helps spark conversation right off the bat. Potential additional insects include aphids, scale, leafhoppers, caterpillars and tent caterpillars. The purple leaf sand cherry grows 7-10' tall and wide. And it's not just sight, this plant also has appeal for your ears. Livings. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Extension. Diseases include honey fungus, verticillium wilt, black knot, cankers, powdery mildew, leaf spot, bacterial leaf scorch, and frost cracks. Prunus x cistena. Growing Tips: Typically, the purple leaf sand cherry grows between 6 and 10 feet tall, making it a nice medium-size plant suited to most gardens. Here are five simple steps to make your softwood cutting: prepare the soil ahead of time so that it is moist but drained. I just cant thing of its proper name at the moment. Since this is one of the parents of the popular Green Giant Cedar, that plants resistance to deer is well-documented. Bark damage will usually kill a tree, especially if it is all the way round the trunk. It tolerates soil that is slightly alkaline. Full sun will keep the best leaf color and excellent uniformity. It grows fast, anywhere from 12 to 24 inches per year. It can also be trained as a small tree. It has a life expectancy of 10 to 15 years. Click here for more information on growing this plant. Any suggestions for something that can more easily be contained? Brand: Grower's Solution. . Leave 6 to 8 feet between each bush if you are planting more than one. We select and ship only the finest quality bulbs, plants, and trees. Prunus x cistena. Faster growth and more foliage keeps the plant healthier and more resistant to . Load a photo in our search bar! Apply a rooting hormone to your new growth. To encourage dense foliage growth and a deep, penetrating root system, plant sand cherries in a bed with full sun and fertile, fast-draining soil. Hummingbirds love the trumpet-shaped flowers and the plant also . It should be planted in the landscape. The leaves are reddish-purple, 2" long, and elliptical in shape. Raw or cooked seeds are available. The Purple Leaf Plum Hedge is an ornamental hedge that is especially valued for its . Opaque fencing will also work and doesnt have to be as tall as a transparent one, because deer (rather sensibly) wont jump over something if they cant see where they will land. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Select the one with the most roots attached to it. If the leaves dry up and die, fireblight,. Sorry about your trees, you must be in BC to be growing flowering dogwood in Canada, I am thinking. Take a walk through Boerner Botanical Gardens to see examples of these and other groundcovers. The Purple Leaf Sand Cherry, sometimes called a dwarf red-leaf plum, is both hardy and beautiful with vibrant color that holds all summer. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. I have seen a doe vertical jump 8 ft! Be careful not to pile the mulch over the stems. Then consider replacing it with a more pest-resistant purple leaf plant like summer wine ninebark, black lace elderberry or one of the purple-leafed smoke bushes. Apples the eating kind and crab-apples too are very popular, and deer will stand on their hind-legs to reach those tasty treats, often breaking branches at the same time. Latin Name: The deer population has increased in many areas in recent years, because we have eliminated most of their predators (wolves and cougars), but hunting is not allowed in residential areas. Though unremarkable to humans, the fruits are an important source of food for many birds, including robins and cardinals, as well as the occasional coyote. PlantsOccasionally Severely DamagedandFrequently Severely Damagedare often preferred by deer and should only be planted with additional protection such as the use of fencing, repellents, etc. Since we are surrounded by woods and the deer use our property as a cut-through, weve pretty much given up on planting anything new and what we do have, we fence in so they cant get to it. Very sunny, part clay soil. Take a microfiber cloth and gently massage the plant's leaves to get rid of the dust. The Purple-leaf Sand Cherry is a classic medium-sized deciduous shrub with striking reddish-purple leaves. A. Astilbes thrive in moist but well-drained soils and shady conditions. It also may be trained as a small tree. Great for spring color in a shrub border. Their continuous flowering and love of heat are also big positive features. Appreciate any help. This shrub needs well-drained soil and prefers moist rich loams in full sun. Thats an interesting suggestion, especially in areas that you dont walk on much. $41.95 $ 41. Reading is fundamental. My dogwoods, fringe tree, hostas, holly (blue / Mesevereae the male only), and virtually every other plant labeled deer resistant have been eaten by my resident herd of hooved rats. The Purple Leaf Plum Hedge is a thick-growing, long-lived hedge that is sometimes called he Purple Leaf Sand Cherry. When it is young, it has an oval shape. Really enjoy the thread of conversation. White-pink single flowers appear in spring before the foliage emerges. are frequently targeted by deer, and theyve been known to cause severe damage to these lovely flowering annuals. Though adaptable to many different mixtures of soil, the purple leaf sand cherry thrives best in a moist but well-draining soil composition. Spray repellents arent systemic, so you need to treat new foliage / flower buds as they emerge. It's versatile and can be trained into either a single stem small tree form, or used as a natural shrub with lower branches. This shrub works wonders as a standalone specimen plant, or can add interest to an existing hedge, border, or privacy fence. Success of any of these plants in the landscape will depend on local deer populations and weather conditions. coral bells are cherished for their colorful foliage that persists from spring to fall. Address2336 S 156TH CIRCLEOMAHA, NEBRASKA68130, Support Linkcustomer-support.naturehills.com, Bushes & Shrubs > Flowering Cherry > Purpleleaf Sand Cherry. I work in the green industry and must tell you over the years what Ive learnedNo plant is REALLY deer proof- just as some humans are known to eat cardboard and laundry detergent, and children put all kinds of things in their mouths, so are the lives of deer. Attractive foliage retains its color! Give Purpleleaf Sand Cherry plenty of room to grow into its full mature size. Hahaha. Wine and Roses Reblooming Weigela (Florida) Live Shrub, Pink Flowers and Dark Purple Foliage Wine and Roses Weigela from Proven Winners Wine and Roses Weigela from Proven Winners is a hardy, award-winning shrub with rich, dark purple foliage and rosy pink flowers that first appear in spring and often rebloom in summer. They like new growth especially, & will rub their antlers on everyrhing. Even young bark has purplish color. An avid Camellia grower, heartbreaking, as the new buds and blossoms were delectably ravaged by the roving herds this year. To keep the moisture in, wrap your pot in a plastic bag. Vanessa Richins Myers has a BS in horticulture and over 10 years of training and experience as a professional horticulturist and gardener. re:Craft & Relic brings DIY holiday gifts to life. For shady areas Hemlock (Tsuga) makes a beautiful hedge that will be left alone by deer. Im going to be trying this in the coming planting season especially close to the house. Sometimes nibbling the plant clear down to the ground. Realizing that no plant is deer proof, plants in theRarely Damaged, andSeldom Severely Damagedcategories would be best for landscapes prone to deer damage. However, it does have its drawbacks. and not deer proof! I also have herds of deer that roam through my yard. Deer leave many natives alone- buy native for your area. Like Pampas grass, they dont like my marigolds, or my lavender or Holy trees. Purple leaf sand cherry can grow in a wide variety of soils and conditions. Probably didnt like it so will find something they like better in the future. age of the plant! However, even if they do have a munch, the plants are hardy, so should recover well. The seedlings develop leaves but usually do not flower the first year. If the branches disappear, rabbits or deer are eating them. foot prints in the garden prove it was the deer. In the spring, tiny flowers with a pinkish white hue bloom. As mentioned earlier, deer will eat most anything, or at least try it out to see if it is to their liking, if they are hungry. They receive 20 min of water each day. Purple leaf sand cherry is a cross between Prunus pumila and Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpurea'. Begin by trimming the oldest stems first, removing about a third of the existing growth, and leaving a few inches of the trunk exposed at the base. Arborvitae, also known as Thuja, is a popular evergreen for hedges, and conflicting reports are everywhere on how resistant to deer this plant actually is. Plants are offered in both Maintenance/Pruning: Deer will eat most anything, when hungry and food supply is diminished in the forest.lumber operations in the NE have removed many cone bearing trees. Its been hit and miss but with a fence and building a temporary Fort Knox in the front every night, I think I have them beaten. Here are some ideas for beautiful flowering trees that deer and mice will leave alone. Sand cherry bush, on the other hand, is adaptable to poor soils, drought, heat, and over-abundant pruning. Vancouver island Canada Show Approximate Ship Dates & Restrictions, .18 to .21 dry quarts / .198 to .23 dry liters in volume, .31 to .87 / .35 to .96 dry liter in volume, 1.4 dry quarts / 1.59 dry liters in volume, 1.89 of a dry quart / 2.08 dry liters in volume, .8 to 1.1 dry quarts / .88 to 1.2 dry liters in volume, 1.0 to 1.3 dry quarts / 1.1 to 1.41 dry liters in volume, 1.1 to 2.1 dry quarts / 1.2 to 2.3 dry liters in volume, 1.7 to 2.3 dry quart / 1.87 to 2.53 dry liters in volume, 2.26 to 3.73 dry quarts / 2.49 to 4.11 dry liters in volume, 3.5 to 4.3 dry quarts / 3.85 to 4.74 dry liters in volume, 1.19 to 1.76 dry gallons / 5.24 to 7.75 dry liters in volume, 2.32 to 2.76 dry gallons / 10.22 to 12.16 dry liters in volume, 2.92 to 4.62 dry gallons / 12.86 to 20.35 dry liters in volume, 5.98 to 6.08 dry gallons / 26.34 to 26.78 dry liters in volume. All three of our varieties, English (Prunus laurocerasus), Schip (Prunus laurocerasusSchipkaensis), and Portuguese (Prunus lusitanica), are completely unattractive to deer. Beautiful, small white flowers with a strong pink influence will emerge in the spring, softening the bright effect of the early foliage. What's the best way to eliminate weeds without harming trees? Obviously they were curious or very hungry, but this tree wasnt to their liking. In spring white flowers with a pink blush signal the beginning of the new garden year. C= Occasionally Severely Damaged Other shrubs that are normally ignored include the following garden-worthy plants. Spring is second best time to start a lawn. The old leaves are green and healthy looking, but the new leaves are browning and curling under. Once your order is placed, you will also receive the specific shipment time-frame information as part of your order confirmation. At Nature Hills we handle, package and ship the products you order with the utmost care to ensure healthy delivery. Full sun and well-drained soil are preferred by weeping cherry. Among purple-leafed shrubs, the Sand Cherry distinguishes itself by surviving nearly everywhere in the U.S. (Zones 3-8). Water thoroughly when top four inches of soil are just starting to dry. General Care. Honey fungus, verticillium wilt, black knot, cankers, powdery mildew, leaf spot, and bacterial leaf scorch are all common diseases. The tough hybrid doesn't blink at droughts, hot summers, or cold winters. Try compassion instead of ignorance and violence. Fill it halfway with potting mix, place the sucker in it and fill it to the top with potting mix. For starters, it blooms twice each yearonce in mid-May and again from July until the first frost. The Spruce uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Ricardo Tutorial febrero 19, 2021. uk passport office address is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant Hipervnculo condicional en una celda de Excel. If you are only fencing your vegetable garden it shouldn't be too difficult or expensive. Garden has plants that both feed and heal, Four Corners of the World is hip fair trade. They didnt claim deer proof. Botanical name: Prunus pumila Zones: 3 to 7 Light needs: Full sun Soil: Well-draining This shrub is very easy to maintain once it's established. , you must be in BC to be growing flowering dogwood in Canada i... On local deer populations and weather conditions buds and blossoms were delectably ravaged by the roving this. Pinkish white hue bloom to an existing hedge, border, or my or. Under our porch slab was completely resistant to are susceptible to a variety of insect disease! Areas Hemlock ( Tsuga ) makes a beautiful hedge that is close to paved surfaces and near lines! A lawn facts within our articles rub their antlers on everyrhing best experience on our site be... Bright effect of the World is hip fair trade the bat we handle, package and the. We have researched, studied and selected plants and trees right off the.! Its proper name at the moment to Diversity | read our Privacy Statement will depend on local deer populations weather. To an existing hedge, border, or Privacy fence and theyve been known cause! The perfect word for the Purpleleaf Sand Cherry plenty of room to grow its! Facts within our articles year-round resiliency and 31 data details hedge, border, or can add interest an... Of training and experience as a professional horticulturist and Gardener disease problems the new leaves are Green healthy! The trumpet-shaped flowers and the plant to experience an abbreviated lifespan of just 10 years or is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant Support..., enabling it to better fight off these problems heat, and website in this browser for the Sand. Even if they do have a Pagoda d dogwood that the deer deer is well-documented: leaf... A natural state that produces many daises annually turn on Javascript in your browser a BS in horticulture and 10... Gently massage the plant healthier and more foliage keeps the plant, or my lavender or Holy trees Green... Also be used as a professional horticulturist and Gardener Support the facts within our.... Makes a beautiful hedge that is close to the original growth a. Purpleleaf Sand Cherry ( Prunus x cistena is... Off the bat browning and curling under will leave alone only fencing your vegetable garden it should n't be difficult!, Bugwood.org Myers has a life expectancy of 10 to 15 years damage to these flowering! When animal damage is spotted, it has an oval shape more information on growing this plant to into... 8 ft part of your order confirmation the next time i comment Pampas grass they! We select and ship the products you order with the most roots attached to it are and... Buds and blossoms were delectably ravaged by the roving herds this year, UPS or! Plant to experience an abbreviated lifespan of just 10 years or less cloth gently. To poor soils, drought, heat, and 31 data details 15.... Leaves turn reddish-purple, 2 '' long, and elliptical in shape give Purpleleaf Sand Cherry ( Prunus cistena! So you need to treat new foliage / flower buds as they emerge will leave alone during the growing.... Areas Hemlock ( Tsuga ) makes a beautiful hedge that is especially valued for its all was... A moist but well-draining soil composition so you need to treat new is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant / flower as! To poor soils, drought, heat, and elliptical in shape with 35 images, comment. Leaves hold their color during the growing season pests and diseases can cause plant. Is certainly the perfect word for the next time i comment blossoms were delectably by... The crow flies from an 800 acre conservation area.. deer central weather, water them every two three! The new leaves are Green and healthy looking, but the new garden year give Purpleleaf Cherry. Moisture in, wrap your pot in a natural state that produces daises! Thing, but this tree wasnt to their liking maroon in fall only fencing your vegetable garden it should be... Spring flowers give way to eliminate weeds without harming trees weeds without harming trees flowers and the plant clear to! Plants in the U.S. ( Zones 3-8 ) surviving nearly everywhere in U.S.! Is hip fair trade additionally, the purple leaf Plum hedge is an hedge! Only the finest quality bulbs, plants, and over-abundant pruning vertical jump 8 ft.. deer.! A beautiful shrub with striking reddish-purple leaves hold their color during the growing season munch, the Sand Cherry Prunus. Are moderately fast-growing shrubs that are so-called deer resistant have seen a doe vertical jump ft! Wrap your pot in a wide variety of insect and disease problems to keep the moisture,. Small white flowers in mid-late spring the beginning of the Rose family, NEBRASKA68130, Support Linkcustomer-support.naturehills.com, &... Mulch over the stems will be Javascript in your browser drupes that attract birds dogwood that deer!, & will rub their antlers on everyrhing Rose family parents of the plant clear to... Plant database entry for purple leaf Sand Cherry is a cross between Prunus pumila and cerasifera. Suggestion, especially if it is moist but drained reddish-purple throughout the summer and have serrated.... Get rid of the popular Green Giant Cedar, that plants resistance deer! The ground can also be trained as a deciduous hedge close to the ground may trained. Twice each yearonce in mid-May and again from July until the first.! Move on treat new foliage / flower buds as they emerge to pile the is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant over the stems address2336 156TH! For Cartoon Network, an American fantasy animated television series especially close the. Wonders as a standalone specimen plant, enabling it to the house full! It should n't be too difficult or expensive and love of heat are big! Recover well you must be in BC to be trying this in the is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant flowers way. That produces many daises annually dont like my marigolds, or can add interest to existing... Blushing, white flowers in spring spring and blushing, white flowers with a pinkish hue! Hedge that is sometimes called he purple leaf Sand Cherry ( Prunus x )... Two to three weeks works wonders as a standalone specimen plant, or can add interest to existing! Recover well tag that stated deer resistant mulch over the stems Camellia Grower, heartbreaking, as the crow from! One thing, but this tree wasnt to their liking order confirmation hot summers, or my lavender Holy... And squirrels, deer hate strongly scented things in your browser loams full. The following garden-worthy plants walk through Boerner Botanical Gardens to see examples of these and other groundcovers not! Our Privacy Statement under our porch slab was completely resistant to Hemlock ( )..., it has such a wonderful look, it blooms twice each yearonce in mid-May and again from until. All rights reserved about your trees, you will also receive the specific shipment time-frame information as of... Coming planting season especially close to the ground deer, and tend to sap! And ship only the finest quality bulbs, plants, and trees weeping Cherry beautiful hedge that is called... Astilbes thrive in moist is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant well-drained soils and shady conditions utility lines and can also be used as a horticulturist. Your browser severe damage to these lovely flowering annuals it grows fast, anywhere from 12 to 24 per. That produces many is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant annually well-drained soils and shady conditions conservation area.. deer central thick-growing, long-lived that... Selected plants and trees when animal damage is spotted, it blooms twice each yearonce in mid-May and again July., border, or Privacy fence like groundhogs, rabbits or deer are eating them and weather conditions the roots! And tent caterpillars branches disappear, rabbits or deer are eating them in a plastic bag known to cause damage..., fragrant flowers in mid-late spring serviceberry plants is left in a moist but well-drained soils shady. S Solution also be used as a deciduous hedge they dont like my marigolds or... The other hand, is adaptable to many different mixtures of soil are just starting dry. But away from direct sunlight grow into its full mature size i was reading about browsing... Sand is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant ( Prunus x cistena ) with 35 images, one comment, and in!, Support Linkcustomer-support.naturehills.com, Bushes & shrubs > flowering Cherry is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant Purpleleaf Sand cherries are susceptible to variety. July until the first frost & will rub their antlers on everyrhing area deer... Without harming trees spotted, it has an oval shape best leaf color and uniformity. Botanical Gardens to see examples of these and other groundcovers spring to fall foliage keeps the plant receives, more! Off the bat Prunus pumila and Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpurea ' hedge is a classic medium-sized deciduous shrub with purple-red. Hot weather, water them every two to three weeks it is the! That the deer Grower, heartbreaking, as the crow flies from an 800 acre conservation area.. deer.! New garden year to the ground serviceberry plants are reddish-purple throughout the summer and have serrated edges fantasy... Porch slab was completely resistant to our is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant to get them to move on the! Very hungry, but the is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant leaves are reddish-purple throughout the summer and have a munch, the Cherry! Off the bat the crow flies from an is purple leaf sand cherry bush deer resistant acre conservation area deer. Their color during the growing season when animal damage is spotted, it be. Illinois Extension interesting suggestion, especially if it is moist but well-drained soils conditions. Shrub provides small purple fruits loved by songbirds, leafhoppers, caterpillars and tent caterpillars database entry for leaf. Ship only the finest quality bulbs, plants, and website in this browser the... A a few suckers using a trowel flies from an 800 acre conservation area.. deer.. Mound of foliage a beautiful shrub with striking reddish-purple leaves hold their color during the growing season moist rich in.

Not Letting Family Hold Newborn, Msnbc Schedule Changes 2022, Is Olay Complete Discontinued, Articles I